JANUARY 29, 2010
RELEASE OF CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2009
------------------------------------
Carnival Corporation & plc announced its fourth quarter and annual results of operations in
its earnings release issued on December 18, 2009. Carnival Corporation & plc is hereby
announcing that it has filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") a joint
Annual Report on Form 10-K today containing the Carnival Corporation & plc 2009 annual financial
statements, which reported results remain unchanged from those previously announced on
December 18, 2009. However, Carnival Corporation & plc has provided additional information in
its "Outlook for Fiscal 2010," which is included in Schedule A.
The information included in the attached Schedules A, B and C is extracted from the Form 10-
K and has been prepared in accordance with SEC rules and regulations. Schedules A and B contain
the audited annual consolidated financial statements for Carnival Corporation & plc as of and for
the year ended November 30, 2009, together with management's discussion and analysis of financial
condition and results of operations. These Carnival Corporation & plc consolidated financial
statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the
United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). Within the Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc dual
listed company structure the Directors consider the most appropriate presentation of Carnival
plc's results and financial position is by reference to the U.S. GAAP financial statements of
Carnival Corporation & plc. Schedule C contains information on Carnival Corporation and Carnival
plc's sales and purchases of their equity securities and use of proceeds from such sales.
The Directors intend to approve the Carnival plc group standalone 2009 IFRS Financial
Statements on February 18, 2010, and these statements will be submitted to the UK Listing
Authority's ("UKLA") Document Viewing Facility in early March 2010. The Carnival plc group
standalone financial information will exclude the results of Carnival Corporation and will be
prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted in the European Union.
MEDIA CONTACT INVESTOR RELATIONS CONTACT
Tim Gallagher Beth Roberts
+1 305 599 2600, ext. 16000 +1 305 406 4832
The full joint Annual Report on Form 10-K (including the portions extracted for this
announcement) is available for viewing on the SEC website at www.sec.gov under Carnival
Corporation or Carnival plc or the Carnival Corporation & plc website at www.carnivalcorp.com or
www.carnivalplc.com. A copy of the joint Annual Report on Form 10-K will be available shortly at
the UKLA's Document Viewing Facility of the Financial Services Authority at 25 The North
Colonnade, London E14 5HS, United Kingdom.
Carnival Corporation & plc is the largest cruise vacation group in the world, with a
portfolio of cruise brands in North America, Europe and Australia, comprised of Carnival Cruise
Lines, Holland America Line, Princess Cruises, The Yachts of Seabourn, AIDA Cruises, Costa
Cruises, Cunard Line, Ibero Cruises, Ocean Village, P&O Cruises and P&O Cruises Australia.
Together, these brands operate 94 ships totaling more than 183,000 lower berths with 12 new
ships scheduled to be delivered between February 2010 and May 2012. Carnival Corporation & plc
also operates Holland America Princess Alaska Tours, the leading cruise/tour operator in the
state of Alaska and Yukon Territory of Canada. Traded on both the New York and London Stock
Exchanges, Carnival Corporation & plc is the only group in the world to be included in both the
S&P 500 and the FTSE 100 indices.
Additional information can be obtained via Carnival Corporation & plc's website at
www.carnivalcorp.com or www.carnivalplc.com or by writing to Carnival plc at Carnival House, 5
Gainsford Street, London SE1 2NE, United Kingdom.
SCHEDULE A
CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC - MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS UNDER U.S. GAAP
Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results
Some of the statements, estimates or projections contained in this 2009 Annual Report are
"forward-looking statements" that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions with respect to
us, including some statements concerning future results, outlooks, plans, goals and other events
which have not yet occurred. These statements are intended to qualify for the safe harbors from
liability provided by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934. We have tried, whenever possible, to identify these statements by using
words like "will," "may," "could," "should," "would," "believe," "expect," "anticipate,"
"forecast," "future," "intend," "plan," "estimate" and similar expressions of future intent or
the negative of such terms.
Because forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, there are many factors
that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those
expressed or implied in this 2009 Annual Report. Forward-looking statements include those
statements which may impact, among other things, the forecasting of our earnings per share, net
revenue yields, booking levels, pricing, occupancy, operating, financing and tax costs, fuel
expenses, costs per available lower berth day ("ALBD"), estimates of ship depreciable lives and
residual values, liquidity, goodwill and trademark fair values and outlook. These factors
include, but are not limited to, the following:
- general economic and business conditions, including fuel price increases, high
Unemployment rates, and declines in the securities, real estate and other markets, and
perceptions of these conditions, may adversely impact the levels of our potential
vacationers' discretionary income and net worth and this group's confidence in their
country's economy;
- fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly the movement of the U.S.
dollar against the euro, sterling and the Australian and Canadian dollars;
- the international political climate, armed conflicts, terrorist and pirate attacks and
threats thereof, and other world events affecting the safety and security of travel;
- competition from and overcapacity in both the cruise ship and land-based vacation
industries;
- lack of acceptance of new itineraries, products and services by our guests;
- changing consumer preferences;
- our ability to attract and retain qualified shipboard crew and maintain good relations
with employee unions;
- accidents, the spread of contagious diseases and threats thereof, adverse weather
conditions or natural disasters, such as hurricanes and earthquakes, and other incidents
(including, but not limited to, ship fires and machinery and equipment failures or
improper operation thereof), which could cause, among other things, individual or multiple
port closures, injury, death, alteration of cruise itineraries or cancellation of a cruise
or series of cruises or tours;
- adverse publicity concerning the cruise industry in general, or us in particular,
including any adverse impact that cruising may have on the marine environment;
- changes in and compliance with laws and regulations relating to the protection of disabled
persons, employment, environmental, health, safety, security, tax and other regulatory
regimes under which we operate;
- increases in global fuel demand and pricing, fuel supply disruptions and/or other events
on our fuel and other expenses, liquidity and credit ratings;
- increases in our future fuel expenses from implementing approved International Maritime
Organization regulations, which require the use of higher priced low sulfur fuels in
certain cruising areas, including the proposed establishment of a U.S. and Canadian
Emissions Control Area ("ECA"), which will, if established, change the specification and
increase the price of fuel that ships will be required to use within this ECA;
- changes in financing and operating costs, including changes in interest rates and food,
insurance, payroll and security costs;
- our ability to implement our shipbuilding programs and ship maintenance, repairs and
refurbishments, including ordering additional ships for our cruise brands from shipyards,
on terms that are favorable or consistent with our expectations;
- the continued strength of our cruise brands and our ability to implement our brand
strategies;
- additional risks associated with our international operations not generally applicable to
our U.S. operations;
- the pace of development in geographic regions in which we try to expand our business;
- whether our future operating cash flow will be sufficient to fund future obligations and
whether we will be able to obtain financing, if necessary, in sufficient amounts and on
terms that are favorable or consistent with our expectations;
- our counterparties' ability to perform;
- continuing financial viability of our travel agent distribution system, air service
providers and other key vendors and reductions in the availability of and increases in the
pricing for the services and products provided by these vendors;
- our decisions to self-insure against various risks or our inability to obtain insurance
for certain risks at reasonable rates;
- disruptions and other damages to our information technology networks and operations;
- lack of continuing availability of attractive, convenient and safe port destinations; and
- risks associated with the DLC structure.
Forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a prediction of actual results.
Subject to any continuing obligations under applicable law or any relevant listing rules, we
expressly disclaim any obligation to disseminate, after the date of this 2009 Annual Report, any
updates or revisions to any such forward-looking statements to reflect any change in expectations
or events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements are based.
Executive Overview
We generated $1.8 billion of net income and $3.3 billion of cash from operations in the face
of the most challenging economic environment in our history, including significantly increased
unemployment rates, the deterioration in consumer confidence, travel restrictions to Mexico due
to the flu virus and a significant reduction in discretionary spending, which ultimately led to
the largest one-year cruise pricing decline in our history. We believe that our relatively
strong performance is in part due to our guests' understanding of the outstanding value that a
cruise vacation has to offer. Consistent with our strategy to continue to increase our
penetration of developing and emerging growth markets, we had an 8.2% increase in our European,
Australian, New Zealand and Asian passenger capacities, whereas our North American passenger
capacity grew by 3.9%, resulting in a worldwide capacity increase of 5.4% in 2009. We were
particularly pleased with our European brands, who, despite the significant capacity increase,
managed to achieve a relatively moderate yield decline in this extremely difficult year.
A significant portion of the adverse impact of our net revenue yield decreases were offset
by decreased fuel costs in 2009 driven by both lower fuel prices and lower fuel consumption as a
result of fuel conservation initiatives, as well as other cost containment programs. We are
working diligently to maintain our cost efficient ownership culture. There are a variety of
actions that we are taking that are expected to continue to improve our cost structure in 2010,
including continuing to focus on reducing fuel consumption and leveraging our size to obtain
economies of scale and additional synergies.
We believe that the cruise industry is characterized by relatively low market penetration
levels, among other things and, accordingly, it has additional growth potential. In order to
capture some of this growth potential, as of January 28, 2010 we had contracts with three
shipyards providing for the construction of 13 additional cruise ships, the majority of which
have been designated for our European brands (see Note 6 in the accompanying consolidated
financial statements). These new ships, together with the continuing investments we make in our
existing fleet, should help us maintain our leadership position in the world-wide cruise
industry.
The year-over-year percentage increase in our ALBD capacity for fiscal 2010, 2011 and 2012
is currently expected to be 7.7%, 5.1% and 4.6%, respectively. The above percentage increases
result primarily from contracted new ships entering service and exclude any unannounced future
ship orders, acquisitions, retirements, charters or sales. Accordingly, the scheduled withdrawal
from service of Costa Europa in April 2010 and P&O Cruises' Artemis in April 2011 have been
reflected in these percentages.
Outlook For Fiscal 2010
As of December 18, 2009, we said that we expected our fully diluted earnings per share for
the 2010 full year and first quarter would be in the ranges of $2.10 to $2.30 and $0.08 to $0.12,
respectively. Our guidance was based on the assumptions in the table below.
As of January 25, 2010, updated only for the current assumptions in the table below and the
$0.05 per share gain we recognized on the sale of Artemis in the 2010 first quarter (see Note 4
in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional discussion), our fully
diluted earnings per share for the 2010 full year would decrease by $0.10 and our fully diluted
earnings per share for the 2010 first quarter would increase by $0.02.
2010 Assumptions
----------------------------------
December 18, 2009 January 25, 2010
----------------- ----------------
First quarter fuel cost per metric ton $ 474 $ 502
Full year fuel cost per metric ton $ 472 $ 499
Currencies
U.S. dollar to Euro 1 $1.45 $1.42
U.S. dollar to £1 $1.63 $1.62
The above forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Various factors could
cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed above including, but not
limited to, economic and business conditions, foreign currency exchange rates, fuel prices,
adverse weather conditions, spread of contagious diseases, regulatory changes, geopolitical and
other factors that could adversely impact our revenues, costs and expenses. You should read the
above forward-looking statement together with the discussion of these and other risks under
"Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results."
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our critical accounting estimates are those which we believe require our most significant
judgments about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. A discussion of our
critical accounting estimates, the underlying judgments and uncertainties used to make them and
the likelihood that materially different estimates would be reported under different conditions
or using different assumptions is as follows:
Ship Accounting
Our most significant assets are our ships and ships under construction, which represent 78%
of our total assets. We make several critical accounting estimates dealing with our ship
accounting. First, we compute our ships' depreciation expense, which represented 11% of our
cruise costs and expenses in fiscal 2009 and which requires us to estimate the average useful
life of each of our ships as well as their residual values. Secondly, we account for ship
improvement costs by capitalizing those costs which we believe will add value to our ships and
depreciate those improvements over their or the ships' estimated remaining useful life, whichever
is shorter, while expensing repairs and maintenance and minor improvement costs as they are
incurred. Finally, when we record the retirement of a ship component that is included within the
ship's cost basis, we may have to estimate the net book value of the asset being retired in order
to remove it from the ship's cost basis.
We determine the average useful life of our ships and their residual values based primarily
on our estimates of the weighted-average useful lives and residual values of the ships' major
component systems, such as cabins, engines and hull. In addition, we consider, among other
things, long-term vacation market conditions, competition and historical useful lives of
similarly-built ships. We have estimated our ships' weighted-average useful lives at 30 years
and their average residual values at 15% of our original ship cost.
Given the size and complexity of our ships, ship accounting estimates require considerable
judgment and are inherently uncertain. We do not have cost segregation studies performed to
specifically componentize our ships. In addition, since we do not separately componentize our
ships, we do not identify and track depreciation of specific original ship components.
Therefore, we have to estimate the net book value of components that are retired, based primarily
upon their replacement cost, their age and their original estimated useful lives.
If materially different conditions existed, or if we materially changed our assumptions of
ship lives and residual values, our depreciation expense or loss on retirement of ship components
and net book value of our ships would be materially different. In addition, if we change our
assumptions in making our determinations as to whether improvements to a ship add value, the
amounts we expense each year as repair and maintenance costs could increase, which would be
partially offset by a decrease in depreciation expense, resulting from a reduction in capitalized
costs. Our fiscal 2009 ship depreciation expense would have increased by an estimated $32
million for every year we reduced our estimated average 30 year ship useful life. In addition,
if our ships were estimated to have no residual value, our fiscal 2009 depreciation expense would
have increased by approximately $160 million.
We believe that the estimates we made for ship accounting purposes are reasonable and our
methods are consistently applied in all material respects and, accordingly, result in
depreciation expense that is based on a rational and systematic method to equitably allocate the
costs of our ships to the periods during which they are used. In addition, we believe that the
estimates we made are reasonable and our methods consistently applied in all material respects
(1) in determining the average useful life and average residual values of our ships; (2) in
determining which ship improvement costs add value to our ships; and (3) in determining the net
book value of ship component assets being retired. Finally, we believe our critical ship
accounting estimates are generally comparable with those of other major cruise companies.
Asset Impairments
Impairment reviews of our ships and goodwill and trademarks require us to make significant
estimates to determine the fair values of these assets or reporting units. See Note 10 in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements.
The determination of fair value includes numerous uncertainties, unless a viable actively
traded market exists for the asset or for a comparable reporting unit, which is usually not the
case for cruise ships, cruise lines and trademarks. For example, our ship fair values are
typically estimated based upon comparable ship sale prices and other comparable ship values in
inactive markets. In determining fair values of reporting units utilizing discounted future cash
flow analysis, significant judgments are made related to forecasting future operating results,
including net revenue yields, net cruise costs including fuel prices, capacity increases,
weighted-average cost of capital for comparable publicly-traded companies, terminal values,
cruise itineraries, technological changes, consumer demand, governmental regulations and the
effects of competition, among others. In addition, third party appraisers are sometimes used to
help determine fair values of ships, trademarks and cruise lines, and their valuation
methodologies are also typically subject to uncertainties similar to those discussed above.
In addition, in determining our trademark fair values we also use discounted future cash
flow analysis, which requires some of the same significant judgments discussed above.
Specifically, determining the estimated amount of royalties avoided by our ownership of the
trademark is based on forecasted cruise revenues and estimated royalty rates based on comparable
royalty agreements used in similar industries.
We believe that we have made reasonable estimates and judgments in determining whether our
ships, goodwill and trademarks have been impaired. However, if there is a material change in the
assumptions used in our determination of fair value, or if there is a material change in the
conditions or circumstances influencing fair value, we could be required to recognize a material
impairment charge.
Contingencies
We periodically assess the potential liabilities related to any lawsuits or claims brought
against us, as well as for other known unasserted claims, including environmental, legal, guest
and crew, and tax matters. While it is typically very difficult to determine the timing and
ultimate outcome of these matters, we use our best judgment to determine if it is probable, or
more likely than not ("MLTN") for income tax matters, that we will incur an expense related to
the settlement or final adjudication of such matters and whether a reasonable estimation of such
probable or MLTN loss, if any, can be made. In assessing probable losses, we make estimates of
the amount of probable insurance recoveries, if any, which are recorded as assets. We accrue a
liability when we believe a loss is probable or MLTN for income tax matters, and the amount of
the loss can be reasonably estimated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles. Such accruals are typically based on developments to date, management's estimates of
the outcomes of these matters, our experience in contesting, litigating and settling other non-
income tax similar matters, historical claims experience and actuarially determined assumptions
of liabilities, and any related insurance coverages. See Notes 7 and 8 in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements for additional information concerning our contingencies.
Given the inherent uncertainty related to the eventual outcome of these matters and
potential insurance recoveries, it is possible that all or some of these matters may be resolved
for amounts materially different from any provisions or disclosures that we may have made with
respect to their resolution. In addition, as new information becomes available, we may need to
reassess the amount of asset or liability that needs to be accrued related to our contingencies.
All such revisions in our estimates could materially impact our results of operations and
financial position.
Results of Operations
We earn our cruise revenues primarily from the following:
- sales of passenger cruise tickets and, in some cases, the sale of air and other trans-
portation to and from our ships. The cruise ticket price includes accommodation, most
meals, some non-alcoholic beverages, most onboard entertainment and many onboard
activities, and
- sales of goods and services primarily onboard our ships not included in the cruise ticket
price (which include, among other things, bar and some beverage sales, shore excursions,
casino gaming, gift shop, photo and art sales, internet and spa services, and cellular
phone and telephone usage) and pre and post-cruise land packages. These goods and
services are provided either directly by us or by independent concessionaires, from which
we receive a percentage of their revenues or a fee.
We incur cruise operating costs and expenses for the following:
- the costs of passenger cruise bookings, which represent costs that vary directly with
passenger cruise ticket revenues, and include travel agent commissions, air and other
transportation related costs and credit card fees,
- onboard and other cruise costs, which represent costs that vary directly with onboard and
other revenues, and include the costs of liquor and some beverages, costs of tangible
goods sold by us from our gift shop, photo and art sales activities, communication costs,
costs of pre and post-cruise land packages and credit card fees. Concession revenues do
not have significant associated expenses because the costs and services incurred for
concession revenues are borne by our concessionaires,
- payroll and related costs, which represent costs for all our shipboard personnel,
including deck and engine officers and crew and hotel and administrative employees,
- fuel costs, which include fuel delivery costs,
- food costs, which include both our guest and crew food costs, and
- other ship operating costs, which include port costs, repairs and maintenance, including
minor improvements and dry-dock expenses, hotel supplies, crew travel, entertainment
and all other shipboard operating costs and expenses.
For segment information related to our revenues, expenses, operating income and other
financial information see Note 11 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Selected Cruise and Other Information
Selected cruise and other information was as follows:
Years Ended November 30,
----------------------------------
2009 2008 2007
---- ---- ----
Passengers carried (in thousands) 8,519 8,183 7,672
----- ----- -----
Occupancy percentage(a) 105.5% 105.7% 105.6%
----- ----- -----
Fuel consumption (metric tons in thousands) 3,184 3,179 3,033
----- ----- -----
Fuel cost per metric ton(b) $ 363 $ 558 $ 361
----- ----- -----
Currencies
U.S. dollar to Euro 1 $1.39 $1.49 $1.36
----- ----- -----
U.S. dollar to £1 $1.56 $1.90 $2.00
----- ----- -----
(a) In accordance with cruise industry practice, occupancy is calculated using a denominator
of two passengers per cabin even though some cabins can accommodate three or more
passengers. Percentages in excess of 100% indicate that on average more than two
passengers occupied some cabins.
(b) Fuel cost per metric ton is calculated by dividing the cost of fuel by the number of
metric tons consumed.
Fiscal 2009 ("2009") Compared to Fiscal 2008 ("2008")
Revenues
Our total revenues decreased $1.5 billion, or 10.2%, to $13.2 billion in 2009 from $14.6
billion in 2008. Cruise ticket prices and onboard and other revenues declined by $2.1 billion
primarily due to the adverse impact of the economic downturn, as well as a stronger U.S. dollar
against the euro and sterling compared to 2008. In addition, the U.S. Center for Disease Control
and Prevention's ("CDC's") recommendations against non-essential travel to Mexico as a result of
the flu virus also adversely impacted our revenues because we had to alter several of our cruise
ships' itineraries. This revenue decrease was partially offset by $765 million from our 5.4%
capacity increase in ALBDs (see "Key Performance Non-GAAP Financial Indicators" below).
Onboard and other revenues included concession revenues of $881 million in 2009 and $924
million in 2008. Onboard and other revenues decreased $159 million in 2009 compared to 2008,
primarily because of lower onboard spending for all of the major onboard revenue-producing
activities primarily as a result of the adverse impact of the economic downturn, as well as the
impact of the stronger U.S. dollar against the euro and sterling compared to 2008. The lower
onboard and other spending was partially offset by $163 million from our 5.4% increase in ALBDs.
Costs and Expenses
Operating costs decreased $935 million, or 10.3%, to $8.1 billion in 2009 from $9.0 billion
in 2008. This decrease was primarily due to lower fuel prices of $621 million, the impact of the
stronger U.S. dollar against the euro and sterling, decreased commissions as a result of our
lower ticket revenues and lower fuel consumption, as a result of fuel saving initiatives compared
to 2008. This decrease was partially offset by $323 million as a result of increased capacity
driven by our 5.4% increase in ALBDs.
Selling and administrative expenses decreased $39 million, or 2.4%, to $1.6 billion in
2009. The decrease was primarily caused by the stronger U.S. dollar against the euro and
sterling and the impact of cost containment initiatives, partially offset by $87 million from our
5.4% increase in ALBDs.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $60 million, or 4.8%, to $1.3 billion in
2009 from $1.2 billion in 2008, caused by $67 million from our 5.4% increase in ALBDs through the
addition of new ships, and additional ship improvement expenditures, partially offset by the
impact of the stronger U.S. dollar against the euro and sterling.
Our total costs and expenses as a percentage of revenues increased to 83.6% in 2009 from
81.4% in 2008.
Operating Income
Our operating income decreased $575 million to $2.2 billion in 2009 from $2.7 billion in
2008 primarily because of the reasons discussed above.
Nonoperating (Expense) Income
Net interest expense, excluding capitalized interest, decreased $27 million to $403 million
in 2009 from $430 million in 2008. On a constant dollar basis, as defined below, this decrease
was due to a $76 million decrease in interest expense from lower average interest rates on
average borrowings, partially offset by a $39 million increase from a higher level of average
borrowings and a $21 million decrease in interest income due to lower average interest rates on
lower invested balances compared to 2008. In addition, net interest expense decreased by $11
million as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar against the euro and sterling compared to 2008.
Capitalized interest decreased $15 million during 2009 compared to 2008 primarily due to lower
average levels of investment in ship construction projects.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense decreased $31 million to $16 million in 2009 from $47 million in 2008,
primarily because of an increase in the release of uncertain income tax position liabilities,
which were no longer required.
Key Performance Non-GAAP Financial Indicators
ALBDs is a standard measure of passenger capacity for the period, which we use to perform
rate and capacity variance analyses to determine the main non-capacity driven factors that cause
our cruise revenues and expenses to vary. ALBDs assume that each cabin we offer for sale
accommodates two passengers and is computed by multiplying passenger capacity by revenue-
producing ship operating days in the period.
We use net cruise revenues per ALBD ("net revenue yields") and net cruise costs per ALBD as
significant non-GAAP financial measures of our cruise segment financial performance. These
measures enable us to separate the impact of predictable capacity changes from the more
unpredictable rate changes that affect our business. We believe these non-GAAP measures provide
a better gauge to measure our revenue and cost performance instead of the standard U.S. GAAP-
based financial measures. There are no specific rules for determining our non-GAAP financial
measures and, accordingly, it is possible that they may not be exactly comparable to the like-
kind information presented by other cruise companies, which is a potential risk associated with
using these measures to compare us to other cruise companies.
Net revenue yields are commonly used in the cruise industry to measure a company's cruise
segment revenue performance and for revenue management purposes. We use "net cruise revenues"
rather than "gross cruise revenues" to calculate net revenue yields. We believe that net cruise
revenues is a more meaningful measure in determining revenue yield than gross cruise revenues
because it reflects the cruise revenues earned net of our most significant variable costs, which
are travel agent commissions, cost of air transportation and certain other variable direct costs
associated with onboard and other revenues. Substantially all of our remaining cruise costs are
largely fixed, except for the impact of changing prices, once our ship capacity levels have been
determined.
Net cruise costs per ALBD is the most significant measure we use to monitor our ability to
control our cruise segment costs rather than gross cruise costs per ALBD. We exclude the same
variable costs that are included in the calculation of net cruise revenues to calculate net
cruise costs to avoid duplicating these variable costs in these two non-GAAP financial measures.
In addition, because a significant portion of our operations utilize the euro or sterling to
measure their results and financial condition, the translation of those operations to our U.S.
dollar reporting currency results in decreases in reported U.S. dollar revenues and expenses if
the U.S. dollar strengthens against these foreign currencies, and increases in reported U.S.
dollar revenues and expenses if the U.S. dollar weakens against these foreign currencies.
Accordingly, we also monitor and report our two non-GAAP financial measures assuming the 2009 and
2008 periods' currency exchange rates have remained constant with the 2008 and 2007 periods'
rates, respectively, or on a "constant dollar basis," in order to remove the impact of changes in
exchange rates on our non-U.S. dollar cruise operations. We believe that this is a useful
measure since it facilitates a comparative view of the growth of our business in a fluctuating
currency exchange rate environment.
Gross and net revenue yields were computed by dividing the gross or net revenues, without
rounding, by ALBDs as follows:
Years Ended November 30,
------------------------------------------------------
2009 2008
Constant Constant
2009 Dollar 2008 Dollar 2007
---- ------ ---- ------ ----
(in millions, except ALBDs and yields)
Cruise revenues
Passenger tickets $ 9,985 $10,507 $11,210 $11,064 $ 9,792
Onboard and other 2,885 2,979 3,044 3,016 2,846
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross cruise revenues 12,870 13,486 14,254 14,080 12,638
Less cruise costs
Commissions, transportation
and other (1,917) (2,050) (2,232) (2,201) (1,941)
Onboard and other (461) (481) (501) (498) (495)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net cruise revenues $10,492 $10,955 $11,521 $11,381 $10,202
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
ALBDs 62,105,916 62,105,916 58,942,864 58,942,864 54,132,927
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Gross revenue yields $207.22 $217.14 $241.83 $238.88 $233.47
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net revenue yields $168.94 $176.38 $195.46 $193.08 $188.48
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross and net cruise costs per ALBD were computed by dividing the gross or net cruise costs,
without rounding, by ALBDs as follows:
Years Ended November 30,
------------------------------------------------------
2009 2008
Constant Constant
2009 Dollar (a) 2008 Dollar (a) 2007
---- ------ ---- ------ ----
(in millions, except ALBDs and costs per ALBD)
Cruise operating expenses $ 7,868 $ 8,200 $ 8,746 $ 8,667 $ 7,332
Cruise selling and
administrative expenses 1,558 1,625 1,594 1,576 1,547
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross cruise costs 9,426 9,825 10,340 10,243 8,879
Less cruise costs included in
net cruise revenues
Commissions, transportation
and other (1,917) (2,050) (2,232) (2,201) (1,941)
Onboard and other (461) (481) (501) (498) (495)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net cruise costs $ 7,048 $ 7,294 $ 7,607 $ 7,544 $ 6,443
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
ALBDs 62,105,916 62,105,916 58,942,864 58,942,864 54,132,927
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Gross cruise costs per ALBD $151.76 $158.20 $175.43 $173.78 $164.02
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net cruise costs per ALBD $113.48 $117.45 $129.06 $127.98 $119.03
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net cruise revenues decreased $1.0 billion, or 8.9%, to $10.5 billion in 2009 from
$11.5 billion in 2008. This was caused by a $1.6 billion, or 13.6%, decrease in net revenue
yields in 2009 compared to 2008 (gross revenue yields decreased by 14.3%). This decrease was
partially offset by a 5.4% increase in ALBDs between 2009 and 2008 that accounted for $618
million. The net revenue yield decrease in 2009 was primarily due to the adverse impact of the
economic downturn on our cruise ticket pricing and onboard and other revenues, as well as the
impact of a stronger U.S. dollar against the euro and sterling compared to 2008. In addition,
the CDC's recommendation against non-essential travel to Mexico as a result of the flu virus also
adversely impacted our net revenue yields as previously discussed. Net revenue yields as
measured on a constant dollar basis decreased 9.8% in 2009 compared to 2008, which was comprised
of a 10.6% decrease in passenger ticket yields and a 6.8% decrease in onboard and other revenue
yields. Gross cruise revenues decreased $1.4 billion, or 9.7%, to $12.9 billion in 2009 from
$14.3 billion in 2008 for largely the same reasons as discussed above for net cruise revenues.
Net cruise costs decreased $559 million, or 7.3%, to $7.0 billion in 2009 from $7.6 billion
in 2008. This was caused by a $967 million decrease in net cruise costs per ALBD, which
decreased 12.1% in 2009 compared to 2008 (gross cruise costs per ALBD decreased 13.5%). This
decrease was partially offset by the 5.4% increase in ALBDs between 2009 and 2008 that accounted
for $408 million. The 12.1% decrease in net cruise costs per ALBD was primarily the result of a
34.9% decrease in fuel price to $363 per metric ton in 2009, which resulted in a decrease in fuel
prices of $621 million, the stronger U.S. dollar against the euro and sterling and $92 million of
fuel consumption savings compared to 2008. Net cruise costs per ALBD as measured on a constant
dollar basis decreased 9.0% in 2009 compared to 2008. On a constant dollar basis, net cruise
costs per ALBD excluding fuel were flat compared to 2008 primarily due to the impact of cost
containment initiatives. Gross cruise costs decreased $914 million, or 8.8%, in 2009 to $9.4
billion from $10.3 billion in 2008 for largely the same reasons as discussed above for net cruise
costs, as well as the reduction in travel agent commissions as a result of lower cruise ticket
prices.
Fiscal 2008 ("2008") Compared to Fiscal 2007 ("2007")
Revenues
Our total revenues increased $1.6 billion, or 12.4%, to $14.6 billion in 2008 from $13.0
billion in 2007. Of this increase, $1.1 billion was capacity driven by our 8.9% increase in
ALBDs and the remaining increase of $490 million was primarily due to increases in cruise ticket
pricing, including the implementation of our fuel supplements, and the impact of the weaker U.S.
dollar against the euro compared to 2007. Our capacity increased 3.6% for our North American
cruise brands and 20.6% for our European and other cruise brands in 2008 compared to 2007, as we
continue to implement our strategy of expanding in the European and other emerging cruise
marketplaces.
Onboard and other revenues included concession revenues of $924 million in 2008 and $830
million in 2007. Onboard and other revenues increased in 2008 compared to 2007, because of the
8.9% increase in ALBDs.
Costs and Expenses
Operating costs increased $1.4 billion, or 18.5%, to $9.0 billion in 2008 from $7.6 billion
in 2007. Of this increase, $651 million was capacity driven by our 8.9% increase in ALBDs and
the balance of the increase of $760 million was primarily due to increased fuel prices, increased
travel agent commissions on higher ticket revenues and the weaker U.S. dollar against the euro
compared to 2007.
Selling and administrative expenses increased $50 million, or 3.2%, to $1.6 billion. Of
this increase, $137 million was driven by our 8.9% increase in ALBDs, partially offset by a $26
million gain from our hurricane insurance settlement for damages to our Cozumel, Mexico port
facility and by savings achieved through economies of scale and tight cost controls.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $148 million, or 13.4%, to $1.2 billion in
2008 from $1.1 billion in 2007, largely due to the 8.9% increase in ALBDs through the addition of
new ships, the weaker U.S. dollar compared to the euro and additional ship improvement
expenditures.
Our total costs and expenses as a percentage of total revenues rose to 81.4% in 2008 from
79.1% in 2007.
Operating Income
Our operating income increased $4 million primarily because of the reasons discussed above.
Nonoperating (Expense) Income
Net interest expense, excluding capitalized interest, increased $86 million to $430 million
in 2008 from $344 million in 2007. On a constant dollar basis, this increase was substantially
all due to a $44 million increase in interest expense from a higher level of average borrowings,
a $26 million decrease in interest income due to a lower average level of invested cash, and a $5
million decrease from lower average interest rates on invested balances compared to 2007. In
addition, net interest expense increased by $11 million as a result of the weaker U.S. dollar
against the euro and sterling compared to 2007. Capitalized interest increased $8 million during
2008 compared to 2007 primarily due to higher average levels of investment in ship construction
projects.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense increased $31 million to $47 million in 2008 from $16 million in 2007
primarily because 2008 included a Mexican deferred income tax expense related to our hurricane
insurance settlement and 2007 included the reversal of previously recorded deferred tax valuation
allowances and uncertain income tax position liabilities, which were no longer required.
Key Performance Non-GAAP Financial Indicators
Net cruise revenues increased $1.3 billion, or 12.9%, to $11.5 billion in 2008 from $10.2
billion in 2007. The 8.9% increase in ALBDs between 2008 and 2007 accounted for $907 million of
the increase, and the remaining $412 million was from increased net revenue yields, which
increased 3.7% in 2008 compared to 2007 (gross revenue yields increased by 3.6%). Net revenue
yields increased in 2008 primarily due to higher North American ticket prices and the weaker U.S.
dollar relative to the euro, partially offset by lower ticket pricing in Europe. Net revenue
yields as measured on a constant dollar basis increased 2.4% in 2008 compared to 2007, which was
comprised of a 3.7% increase in passenger ticket yields, partially offset by a 1.6% decrease in
onboard and other revenue yields. The decrease in onboard and other revenue yields was the
result of the significant increase in our European brands' capacity, as they typically have lower
onboard and other revenue yields, and lower onboard spending by our guests. Gross cruise
revenues increased $1.6 billion, or 12.8%, to $14.3 billion in 2008 from $12.6 billion in 2007
for largely the same reasons as discussed above for net cruise revenues.
Net cruise costs increased $1.2 billion, or 18.1%, to $7.6 billion in 2008 from $6.4 billion
in 2007. The 8.9% increase in ALBDs between 2008 and 2007 accounted for $573 million of the
increase. The balance of $591 million was from increased net cruise costs per ALBD, which
increased 8.4% in 2008 compared to 2007 (gross cruise costs per ALBD increased 7.0%). This 8.4%
increase was driven by a 54.6% per metric ton increase in fuel price to $558 per metric ton in
2008, which resulted in an increase in fuel expense of $626 million compared to 2007. This
increase was partially offset by a $31 million gain from Cunard's sale of the Queen Elizabeth 2
("QE2"), a $26 million gain from a hurricane insurance settlement for damages to our Cozumel,
Mexico port facility in 2005 and lower selling and administrative expenses achieved primarily
through economies of scale and tight cost controls. Net cruise costs per ALBD as measured on a
constant dollar basis increased 7.5% in 2008 compared to 2007. On a constant dollar basis, net
cruise costs per ALBD excluding fuel were flat. Gross cruise costs increased $1.5 billion, or
16.5%, in 2008 to $10.3 billion from $8.9 billion in 2007 for largely the same reasons as
discussed above for net cruise costs.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Maintenance of a strong balance sheet, which enhances our financial flexibility, has always
been and continues to be the primary objective of our capital structure policy. We believe
preserving cash and liquidity is a prudent step to take during uncertain times to achieve this
objective. Accordingly in October 2008 at the height of the financial crisis, the Boards of
Directors voted to suspend our quarterly dividend beginning March 2009. However, at the January
2010 Boards of Directors meetings it was decided to reinstate our March 2010 quarterly dividend
at $0.10 per share.
Our overall strategy is to maintain an acceptable level of liquidity with our available cash
and cash equivalents and committed financings for immediate and future liquidity needs, and a
reasonable debt maturity profile that is spread out over a number of years. During 2009, we put
into place $6.4 billion of committed financings at attractive interest rates, which considerably
improved our liquidity to the levels discussed below.
Our cash from operations and committed financings along with our available cash and cash
equivalent balances are forecasted to be sufficient to fund our expected 2010 cash requirements
and result in an acceptable level of liquidity throughout 2010. Although we do not believe we
will be required to obtain additional new financings during 2010, we may choose to do so if
favorable opportunities arise.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Our business provided $3.3 billion of net cash from operations during fiscal 2009, a
decrease of $49 million, or 1.4%, compared to fiscal 2008. This decrease was caused by less net
cash being generated from operations primarily as a result of lower cruise ticket prices and
onboard revenues, partially offset by net cash generated from changes in our working capital
position compared to fiscal 2008.
At November 30, 2009 and 2008, we had working capital deficits of $3.4 billion and $4.1
billion, respectively. Our November 30, 2009 deficit included $2.6 billion of customer deposits,
which represent the passenger revenues we collect in advance of sailing dates and, accordingly,
are substantially more like deferred revenue transactions rather than actual current cash
liabilities. We use our long-term ship assets to realize a portion of this deferred revenue in
addition to consuming current assets. In addition, our November 30, 2009 working capital deficit
included $950 million of current debt obligations, which included $264 million outstanding under
our principal revolver. This revolver is available to provide long-term rollover financing of
our current debt. After excluding customer deposits and current debt obligations from our
November 30, 2009 working capital deficit balance, our non-GAAP adjusted working capital was $76
million. As explained above, our business model allows us to operate with a significant working
capital deficit and, accordingly, we believe we will continue to have a working capital deficit
for the foreseeable future.
During fiscal 2009, our net expenditures for capital projects were $3.4 billion, of which
$2.8 billion was spent on our ongoing new shipbuilding program, including $2.1 billion for the
final delivery payments for AIDAluna, Carnival Dream, Costa Luminosa, Costa Pacifica and Seabourn
Odyssey. In addition to our new shipbuilding program, we had capital expenditures of $418
million for ship improvements and replacements and $194 million for cruise port facilities,
information technology and other assets.
During fiscal 2009, we repaid $1.7 billion and borrowed $1.2 billion under our principal
revolver in connection with our needs for cash at various times throughout the year. In addition
during fiscal 2009, we borrowed $2.3 billion of new other long-term debt, equally split between
our export credit financing facilities and bank loans, and we repaid $1.3 billion of other long-
term debt primarily for scheduled payments under our bank loans and export credit facilities, and
for repurchases of our 1.75% Notes. We also repaid a net $288 million during fiscal 2009 under
our short-term borrowing facilities. Finally, we paid cash dividends of $314 million in fiscal
2009.
Future Commitments and Funding Sources
At November 30, 2009, our contractual cash obligations were as follows (in millions):
Payments Due by Fiscal Year
----------------------------------------------------------------
Contractual Cash
Obligations Total 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Thereafter
----------- ----- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----------
Recorded Contractual
Obligations
-----------
Short-term borrowings(a) $ 135 $ 135
Revolver(a) 264 126 $ 138
Convertible notes(a) 604 $ 595 $ 9
Other long-term debt(a) 9,044 689 588 1,379 1,681 $ 894 $3,813
Other long-term liabil-
ities reflected on
the balance sheet(b) 649 59 123 111 90 59 207
Unrecorded Contractual
Obligations
-----------
Shipbuilding(c) 7,446 3,416 2,228 1,802
Operating leases(c) 301 49 43 37 33 24 115
Port facilities and
other(c) 962 146 112 87 77 50 490
Purchase obligations(d) 927 747 95 33 15 10 27
Fixed rate interest
payments(e) 2,363 368 342 318 264 196 875
Floating rate interest
payments(e) 304 28 42 55 48 44 87
------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total contractual
cash obligations(f) $22,999 $5,763 $4,168 $3,960 $2,217 $1,277 $5,614
------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
(a) Our 2010 cash obligations include $126 million of debt outstanding under our long-term
principal revolver, and as such these obligations can be rolled-over on a long-term
basis under this revolver, if we so desire. Included in 2011 is $595 million of our
convertible notes, since the noteholders have put options in April 2011. If these notes
are put to us, at our election we can settle these obligations through the issuance of
common stock, cash, or a combination thereof. Our debt, excluding short-term
borrowings, has a weighted-average maturity of five years. See Note 5 in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding
these contractual cash obligations.
(b) Represents cash outflows for certain of our long-term liabilities that could be
reasonably estimated. The primary outflows are for estimates of our employee benefit
plan obligations, crew and guest claims, uncertain income tax position liabilities,
certain deferred income taxes, derivative contracts payable and other long-term
liabilities. Deferred income and certain deferred income taxes have been excluded from
the table because they do not require a cash settlement in the future.
(c) Our shipbuilding contractual obligations are legal commitments and, accordingly, cannot
be cancelled without cause by us or the shipyards, and such cancellation will subject
the defaulting party to significant contractual liquidating damage payments. See Note 6
in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information
regarding these contractual cash obligations.
(d) Represents legally-binding commitments to purchase inventory and other goods and
services made in the normal course of business to meet operational requirements. Many
of our contracts contain clauses that allow us to terminate the contract with notice,
either with or without a termination penalty. Termination penalties are generally an
amount less than the original obligation. Historically, we have not had any significant
defaults of our contractual obligations or incurred significant penalties for
termination of our contractual obligations.
(e) Fixed rate interest payments represent cash outflows for fixed interest payments,
excluding interest swapped from a fixed rate to a floating rate. Floating rate interest
payments represent forecasted cash outflows for interest payments on floating rate debt,
including interest swapped from a fixed rate to a floating rate, using the November 30,
2009 forward interest rates for the remaining terms of the loans.
(f) Amounts payable in foreign currencies, which are usually euro and sterling, are based
on the November 30, 2009 exchange rates.
In June 2006, the Boards of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $1
billion of Carnival Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares subject to certain
restrictions. On September 19, 2007, the Boards of Directors increased the remaining $578
million general repurchase authorization back to $1 billion. During fiscal 2009, there were no
repurchases under the general repurchase authorization and at January 28, 2010, the remaining
availability pursuant to our general repurchase authorization was $787 million. It is not our
present intention to repurchase shares under the general repurchase authorization, however, it is
possible we will make repurchases under our "Stock Swap" programs as discussed below. The
general repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date and may be discontinued by our
Boards of Directors at any time. However, all the Carnival plc share repurchase authorizations
require annual shareholder approval.
In addition to the general repurchase authorization, the Boards of Directors have authorized
the repurchase of up to 19.2 million Carnival plc ordinary shares and up to 25 million shares of
Carnival Corporation common stock under the "Stock Swap" programs. We use these "Stock Swap"
programs in situations where we can obtain an economic benefit because either Carnival
Corporation common stock or Carnival plc ordinary shares are trading at a price that is at a
premium or discount to the price of Carnival plc ordinary shares or Carnival Corporation common
stock, as the case may be. Accordingly, if we sell either shares of Carnival Corporation common
stock or Carnival plc ordinary shares, we use the net proceeds to repurchase Carnival plc
ordinary shares or Carnival Corporation common stock, as the case may be, on at least an
equivalent basis, with the remaining net proceeds, if any, used for general corporate purposes.
Finally, under the "Stock Swap" programs, the sales of the Carnival Corporation common stock and
Carnival plc ordinary shares have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 and such
shares of common stock and ordinary shares have been and will be sold at market prices.
At November 30, 2009, as adjusted for the voluntary cancellation of our $579 million export
credit facility for P&O Cruises' Azura after year end, we had liquidity of $6.3 billion. Our
liquidity consisted of $214 million of cash and cash equivalents, excluding cash on hand of
$324 million used for current operations, $2.4 billion available for borrowing under our
principal revolver and back-up revolving credit facilities and $3.6 billion under committed
financings. Of this $3.6 billion of committed facilities, $1.3 billion, $1.3 billion and $1.0
billion is expected to be funded in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Substantially all of our
revolving credit facilities mature in 2012. We rely on, and have banking relationships with,
numerous banks that have credit ratings of A or above, which we believe will assist us in
attempting to access multiple sources of funding in the event that some lenders are unwilling or
unable to lend to us. However, we believe that our revolving credit facilities and committed
financings will be honored as required pursuant to their contractual terms.
Substantially all of our debt agreements contain financial covenants as described in Note 5
in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Generally, if an event of default under
any debt agreement occurs, then pursuant to cross default acceleration clauses, substantially all
of our outstanding debt and derivative contract payables could become due, and all debt and
derivative contracts could be terminated.
At November 30, 2009, we believe we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants. In
addition, based on our forecasted operating results, financial condition and cash flows for
fiscal 2010, we expect to be in compliance with our debt covenants during fiscal 2010. However,
our forecasted cash flow from operations and access to the capital markets can be adversely
impacted by numerous factors outside our control including, but not limited to, those noted under
"Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results."
We continue to generate substantial cash from operations and have investment grade credit
ratings of A3 from Moody's Investors Service and BBB+ from Standard & Poor's Rating Services
("S&P"), which provide us with flexibility in most financial credit market environments to obtain
debt, as necessary. In March 2009, our A- credit rating from S&P was downgraded to BBB+ and
assigned a negative outlook, which reflected S&P's concerns that the weakened state of the
economy and the pullback in consumer spending would pressure our ability to sustain our BBB+
credit rating. However in late January 2010, S&P changed our outlook from negative to stable.
This change reflects S&P's expectation that the improving trend in our advance bookings will
continue, as well as S&P's expectations of improving pricing trends, consumer spending patterns
and gross domestic product growth in the U.S. and Europe.
Based primarily on our historical results, current financial condition and forecasts, we
believe that our existing liquidity (assuming we can refinance our principal revolver before its
2012 maturity) and cash flow from future operations will be sufficient to fund all of our
expected capital projects (including shipbuilding commitments), debt service requirements,
convertible debt redemptions, working capital and other firm commitments over the next several
years.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We are not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangements, including guarantee contracts,
retained or contingent interests, certain derivative instruments and variable interest entities
that either have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our
financial statements.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
For a discussion of our hedging strategies and market risks see the discussion below and
"Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risks
Operational and Investment Currency Risk
We have $526 million of foreign currency swaps and forwards that are designated as hedges
of our net investments in foreign operations, which have a euro-denominated functional currency,
thus partially offsetting this foreign currency exchange rate risk. Based upon a 10%
hypothetical change in the U.S. dollar compared to the euro as of November 30, 2009, assuming no
changes in comparative interest rates, we estimate that these foreign currency swaps and
forwards' fair values would change by $53 million, which would be offset by a corresponding
change of $53 million in the U.S. dollar value of our net investments. In addition, based upon a
10% hypothetical change in the U.S. dollar compared to the euro, sterling and Australian dollar,
which are the functional currencies that we translate into our U.S. dollar reporting currency,
assuming no changes in comparable interest rates, we estimate that our 2010 full year December
18, 2009 guidance would change by approximately $165 million.
Newbuild Currency Risk
During 2009, we entered into foreign currency forwards for two-thirds of the final euro-
denominated shipyard payments expected to be settled in 2010 for Azura to hedge it into sterling
at a forward rate of £0.88. Based upon a 10% hypothetical change in the sterling compared to the
euro as of November 30, 2009, assuming no changes in comparative interest rates, the estimated
fair value of these foreign currency forwards would change by $41 million, which would be offset
by a corresponding change of $41 million in the sterling value of the related foreign currency
ship construction contract and result in no net impact to us.
In 2008, we entered into a call option and a put option that were designed as a zero cost
collar, and are collectively designated as a cash flow hedge of Nieuw Amsterdam's final shipyard
payment, which is expected to be settled in 2010. Under this zero cost collar the minimum
exchange rate we would be required to pay is $1.28 to the euro and the maximum exchange rate we
would be required to pay is $1.45 to the euro. If the spot rate is in between these two amounts
on the date of delivery, then we would not owe or receive any payments under this zero cost
collar. Based upon a 10% hypothetical change in the U.S. dollar compared to the euro as of
November 30, 2009, assuming no changes in comparative interest rates, the estimated fair value of
this foreign currency zero cost collar would change by approximately $35 million, which would be
offset by a corresponding change of approximately $35 million in the U.S. dollar value of the
related foreign currency ship construction contract and result in no net impact to us.
At November 30, 2009, we have three euro-denominated shipbuilding commitments scheduled for
delivery between May 2010 and May 2011, with remaining total payments of $1.3 billion assigned to
two of our U.S. dollar functional currency brands for which we have not entered into any foreign
currency contracts. Therefore, the U.S. dollar cost of these ships will increase or decrease
based upon changes in the exchange rate until the payments are made under the shipbuilding
contracts or we enter into foreign currency hedges. A portion of our net investment in euro-
denominated cruise operations effectively acts as an economic hedge against a portion of these
euro commitments. Accordingly, a portion of any increase or decrease in our ship costs resulting
from changes in the exchange rates will be offset by a corresponding change in the net assets of
our euro-denominated cruise operations. Based upon a 10% hypothetical change in the U.S. dollar
compared to the euro as of November 30, 2009, assuming no changes in comparative interest rates,
the unpaid cost of these ships would have a corresponding change of $131 million.
At November 30, 2009, we also have $660 million remaining on a euro-denominated shipbuilding
commitment for Cunard's Queen Elizabeth, which is scheduled for delivery in September 2010. We
have not entered into any foreign currency contracts for this ship. Therefore, the sterling cost
of this ship will increase or decrease based upon changes in the exchange rate until the payments
are made under the shipbuilding contract or we enter into a foreign currency hedge. Based upon a
10% hypothetical change in the sterling to euro foreign currency exchange rate as of November 30,
2009, assuming no changes in comparative interest rates and assuming the U.S. dollar exchange
rate to the sterling remains constant, the unpaid cost of this ship would have a corresponding
change of $66 million.
Interest Rate Risks
We have interest rate swaps at November 30, 2009, which effectively changed $625 million of
fixed rate debt to U.S. dollar LIBOR and GBP LIBOR-based floating rate debt. Based upon a
hypothetical 10% change in the November 30, 2009 market interest rates, assuming no change in
currency exchange rates, the fair value of all our debt and interest rate swaps would change by
approximately $200 million. In addition, based upon a hypothetical 10% change in the November
30, 2009 interest rates, our annual interest expense on floating rate debt, including the effect
of our interest rate swaps, would change by an insignificant amount.
Finally, based upon a hypothetical 10% change in Carnival Corporation's November 30, 2009
common stock price, the fair value of our convertible notes would have an insignificant change.
These hypothetical amounts are determined by considering the impact of the hypothetical
interest rates and common stock on our existing debt and interest rate swaps. This analysis does
not consider the effects of the changes in the level of overall economic activity that could
exist in such environments or any relationships which may exist between interest rate and stock
price movements. Furthermore, substantially all of our fixed rate debt can only be called or
prepaid by incurring significant break fees, therefore it is unlikely we will be able to take any
significant steps in the short-term to mitigate our exposure in the event of a significant
decrease in market interest rates.
Fuel Price Risks
We do not use financial instruments to hedge our exposure to fuel price market risk. We
estimate that our fiscal 2010 fuel expense would change by approximately $3.4 million for each $1
per metric ton corresponding change in our average fuel price.
Selected Financial Data
The selected consolidated financial data presented below for fiscal 2005 through 2009 and as
of the end of each such year, except for the other operating data, are derived from our audited
consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with those consolidated
financial statements and the related notes.
Years Ended November 30,
----------------------------------------------------
2009 2008 2007 2006 2005
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(in millions, except per share data)
Statement of Operations
and Cash Flow Data
Revenues $13,157 $14,646 $13,033 $11,839 $11,094
Operating income $ 2,154 $ 2,729 $ 2,725 $ 2,613 $ 2,639
Net income $ 1,790 $ 2,330 $ 2,408 $ 2,279(a) $ 2,253
Earnings per share
Basic $ 2.27 $ 2.96 $ 3.04 $ 2.85 $ 2.80
Diluted $ 2.24 $ 2.90 $ 2.95 $ 2.77 $ 2.70
Dividends declared per share $ 1.60 $ 1.375 $ 1.025 $ 0.80
Cash provided by operating
activities $ 3,342 $ 3,391 $ 4,069 $ 3,633 $ 3,410
Cash used in investing activities $ 3,384 $ 3,255 $ 3,746 $ 2,443 $ 1,970
Capital expenditures $ 3,380 $ 3,353 $ 3,312 $ 2,480 $ 1,977
Cash used in financing activities $ 93 $ 315 $ 604 $ 1,212 $ 892
Dividends paid $ 314 $ 1,261 $ 990 $ 803 $ 566
As of November 30,
----------------------------------------------------
2009 2008 2007 2006 2005
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(in millions, except percentages)
Balance Sheet and Other
Data
Total assets $36,835 $33,400 $34,181 $30,552 $28,349
Total debt $10,047 $ 9,343 $ 8,852 $ 7,847 $ 7,352
Total shareholders' equity $22,035 $19,098 $19,963 $18,210 $16,883
Total debt to capital(b) 31.3% 32.9% 30.7% 30.1% 30.3%
Years Ended November 30,
----------------------------------------------------
2009 2008 2007 2006 2005
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Other Operating Data
ALBDs (in thousands) 62,106 58,943 54,133 49,945 47,755
Passengers carried (in thousands) 8,519 8,183 7,672 7,008 6,848
Occupancy percentage 105.5% 105.7% 105.6% 106.0% 105.6%
Fuel consumption (metric tons
in thousands) 3,184 3,179 3,033 2,783 2,728
Fuel cost per metric ton $ 363 $ 558 $ 361 $ 334 $ 259
Currencies
U.S. dollar to Euro 1 $ 1.39 $ 1.49 $ 1.36 $ 1.25 $ 1.25
U.S. dollar to £1 $ 1.56 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 1.83 $ 1.83
(a) The 2006 net income was reduced by $57 million of share-based compensation expense
related to the expensing of stock options and RSUs as a result of our adoption of a new
accounting standard in 2006.
(b) Percentage of total debt to the sum of total debt and shareholders' equity.
Market Price for Common Stock and Ordinary Shares
Carnival Corporation's common stock, together with paired trust shares of beneficial
interest in the P&O Princess Special Voting Trust (which holds a Special Voting Share of Carnival
plc) is traded on the NYSE under the symbol "CCL." Carnival plc's ordinary shares trade on the
London Stock Exchange under the symbol "CCL." Carnival plc's American Depository Shares
("ADSs"), each one of which represents one Carnival plc ordinary share, are traded on the NYSE
under the symbol "CUK." The depository for the ADSs is JPMorgan Chase Bank. The daily high and
low stock sales price for the periods indicated on their primary exchange was as follows:
Carnival Corporation Carnival plc
-------------------- -----------------------------------------
Price per Ordinary
Share (GBP) Price per ADS (USD)
------------------ -------------------
High Low High Low High Low
---- --- ---- --- ---- ---
Fiscal 2009
-----------
Fourth Quarter $34.94 $28.26 ₤22.18 ₤18.07 $36.09 $29.36
Third Quarter $31.64 $22.18 ₤19.72 ₤14.31 $32.02 $23.46
Second Quarter $29.76 $16.80 ₤20.22 ₤12.58 $29.72 $17.61
First Quarter $25.76 $17.60 ₤16.74 ₤12.24 $24.71 $17.37
Fiscal 2008
-----------
Fourth Quarter $42.24 $14.86 ₤21.53 ₤10.55 $38.90 $15.25
Third Quarter $41.47 $29.22 ₤20.20 ₤14.06 $39.60 $28.36
Second Quarter $43.54 $36.10 ₤21.63 ₤17.66 $43.00 $35.77
First Quarter $46.20 $37.64 ₤22.76 ₤17.39 $45.21 $37.19
As of January 21, 2010, there were 3,670 holders of record of Carnival Corporation common
stock and 40,026 holders of record of Carnival plc ordinary shares and 99 holders of record of
Carnival plc ADSs. The past performance of our stock prices cannot be relied on as a guide to
their future performance.
All dividends for both Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc are declared in U.S. dollars.
If declared, holders of Carnival Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ADSs receive a
dividend payable in U.S. dollars. The dividends payable for Carnival plc ordinary shares are
payable in sterling, unless the shareholders elect to receive the dividends in U.S. dollars.
Dividends payable in sterling will be converted from U.S. dollars into sterling at the U.S.
dollar to sterling exchange rate quoted by the Bank of England in London at 12:00 p.m. on the
next combined U.S. and UK business day that follows the quarter end. In October 2008 at the
height of the financial crisis, the Boards of Directors voted to suspend our quarterly dividend
beginning March 2009. However, at the January 2010 Boards of Directors meetings it was decided
to reinstate our March 2010 quarterly dividend at $0.10 per share.
The payment and amount of any future dividend is within the discretion of the Boards of
Directors. Our dividends were and will be based on a number of factors, including our earnings,
liquidity position, financial condition, tone of business, capital requirements, credit ratings
and the availability and cost of obtaining new debt. We cannot be certain that Carnival
Corporation and Carnival plc will continue their dividend in the future, and if so, the amount
and timing of such future dividends are not determinable and may be different than prior
declarations.
SCHEDULE B
CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC - U.S. GAAP CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)
Years Ended November 30,
----------------------------
2009 2008 2007
---- ---- ----
Revenues
Cruise
Passenger tickets $ 9,985 $11,210 $ 9,792
Onboard and other 2,885 3,044 2,846
Other 287 392 395
------- ------- -------
13,157 14,646 13,033
------- ------- -------
Costs and Expenses
Operating
Cruise
Commissions, transportation and other 1,917 2,232 1,941
Onboard and other 461 501 495
Payroll and related 1,498 1,470 1,336
Fuel 1,156 1,774 1,096
Food 839 856 747
Other ship operating 1,997 1,913 1,717
Other 236 293 296
------- ------- -------
Total 8,104 9,039 7,628
Selling and administrative 1,590 1,629 1,579
Depreciation and amortization 1,309 1,249 1,101
------- ------- -------
11,003 11,917 10,308
------- ------- -------
Operating Income 2,154 2,729 2,725
------- ------- -------
Nonoperating (Expense) Income
Interest income 14 35 67
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest (380) (414) (367)
Other income (expense), net 18 27 (1)
------- ------- -------
(348) (352) (301)
------- ------- -------
Income Before Income Taxes 1,806 2,377 2,424
Income Tax Expense, Net (16) (47) (16)
------- ------- -------
Net Income $ 1,790 $ 2,330 $ 2,408
------- ------- -------
Earnings Per Share
Basic $ 2.27 $ 2.96 $ 3.04
------- ------- -------
Diluted $ 2.24 $ 2.90 $ 2.95
------- ------- -------
Dividends Declared Per Share $ 1.60 $ 1.375
------- -------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except par values)
November 30,
---------------------
2009 2008
---- ----
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 538 $ 650
Trade and other receivables, net 362 418
Inventories 320 315
Prepaid expenses and other 298 267
------- -------
Total current assets 1,518 1,650
------- -------
Property and Equipment, Net 29,870 26,457
Goodwill 3,451 3,266
Trademarks 1,346 1,294
Other Assets 650 733
------- -------
$36,835 $33,400
------- -------
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Short-term borrowings $ 135 $ 256
Current portion of long-term debt 815 1,081
Convertible debt subject to current put option 271
Accounts payable 568 512
Accrued liabilities and other 874 1,142
Customer deposits 2,575 2,519
------- -------
Total current liabilities 4,967 5,781
------- -------
Long-Term Debt 9,097 7,735
Other Long-Term Liabilities and Deferred Income 736 786
Commitments and Contingencies (Notes 6 and 7)
Shareholders' Equity
Common stock of Carnival Corporation; $.01 par
value; 1,960 shares authorized; 644 shares at
2009 and 643 shares at 2008 issued 6 6
Ordinary shares of Carnival plc; $1.66 par value;
226 shares authorized; 213 shares at 2009 and
2008 issued 354 354
Additional paid-in capital 7,707 7,677
Retained earnings 15,770 13,980
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 462 (623)
Treasury stock; 24 shares at 2009 and 19 shares
at 2008 of Carnival Corporation and 46 shares
at 2009 and 52 shares at 2008 of Carnival plc,
at cost (2,264) (2,296)
------- -------
Total shareholders' equity 22,035 19,098
------- -------
$36,835 $33,400
------- -------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
Years Ended November 30,
------------------------
2009 2008 2007
---- ---- ----
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income $1,790 $2,330 $2,408
Adjustments to reconcile net income to
net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization 1,309 1,249 1,101
Share-based compensation 50 50 64
Other 37 (37) 26
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding
businesses acquired and sold
Receivables 81 (70) (119)
Inventories 10 (8) (57)
Prepaid expenses and other 7 (18) (56)
Accounts payable 74 (66) 109
Accrued and other liabilities 29 37 163
Customer deposits (45) (76) 430
------ ------ ------
Net cash provided by operating activities 3,342 3,391 4,069
------ ------ ------
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Additions to property and equipment (3,380) (3,353) (3,312)
Purchases of short-term investments (4) (4) (2,098)
Sales of short-term investments 2 11 2,078
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired and sales
of businesses (33) (339)
Other, net 31 91 (75)
------ ------ ------
Net cash used in investing activities (3,384) (3,255) (3,746)
------ ------ ------
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Principal repayments of revolver (1,749) (3,314) (135)
Proceeds from revolver 1,166 3,186 1,086
Proceeds from issuance of other long-term debt 2,299 2,243 2,654
Principal repayments of other long-term debt (1,273) (1,211) (1,656)
(Repayments of) proceeds from short-term borrowings, net (288) 138 (1,281)
Dividends paid (314) (1,261) (990)
Purchases of treasury stock (188) (98) (326)
Sales of treasury stock 196 15
Proceeds from settlement of foreign currency swaps 113
Other, net (55) (13) 44
------ ------ ------
Net cash used in financing activities (93) (315) (604)
------ ------ ------
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash
equivalents 23 (114) 61
------ ------ ------
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (112) (293) (220)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 650 943 1,163
------ ------ ------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 538 $ 650 $ 943
------ ------ ------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in millions)
Accumulated Total
Additional other share-
Common Ordinary paid-in Retained comprehensive Treasury holders'
stock shares capital earnings income (loss) stock equity
----- ------ ------- -------- ------------- ----- ------
Balances at November 30,
2006 $6 $354 $7,479 $11,600 $661 $(1,890) $18,210
Comprehensive income:
Net income 2,408 2,408
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment 649 649
Other (7) (7)
------
Total comprehensive
income 3,050
Cash dividends declared (1,087) (1,087)
Purchases of treasury
stock and other 120 (323) (203)
Adoption of pension
accounting standard
(Note 12) (7) (7)
-- ---- ------ ------- ------ ------- -------
Balances at November 30,
2007 6 354 7,599 12,921 1,296 (2,213) 19,963
Adoption of tax account-
ing interpretation
(Note 8) (11) (11)
Comprehensive income:
Net income 2,330 2,330
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment (1,816) (1,816)
Other (103) (103)
------
Total comprehensive
income 411
Cash dividends declared (1,260) (1,260)
Purchases and sales
under the Stock Swap
program and other 78 (83) (5)
-- ---- ------ ------- ------ ------- -------
Balances at November 30,
2008 6 354 7,677 13,980 (623) (2,296) 19,098
Comprehensive income:
Net income 1,790 1,790
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment 1,043 1,043
Other 42 42
-------
Total comprehensive
income 2,875
Purchases and sales
under the Stock
Swap programs and
other 30 32 62
-- ---- ------ ------- ------ ------- -------
Balances at November 30,
2009 $6 $354 $7,707 $15,770 $ 462 $(2,264) $22,035
-- ---- ------ ------- ------ ------- -------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 - General
Description of Business
Carnival Corporation is incorporated in Panama, and Carnival plc is incorporated in England
and Wales. Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc operate a dual listed company ("DLC"), whereby
the businesses of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc are combined through a number of
contracts and through provisions in Carnival Corporation's Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws
and Carnival plc's Articles of Association. The two companies operate as if they are a single
economic enterprise, but each has retained its separate legal identity. Each company's shares
are publicly traded; on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") for Carnival Corporation and the
London Stock Exchange for Carnival plc. In addition, Carnival plc American Depository Shares are
traded on the NYSE. See Note 3.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Carnival
Corporation and Carnival plc and their respective subsidiaries. Together with their consolidated
subsidiaries they are referred to collectively in these consolidated financial statements and
elsewhere in this 2009 Annual Report as "Carnival Corporation & plc," "our," "us," and "we."
We are the largest cruise company and one of the largest vacation companies in the world.
As of November 30, 2009, the summary by brand of our passenger capacity, the number of cruise
ships we operate, and the primary areas in which they are marketed is as follows:
Cruise Passenger Number of Primary
Brands Capacity(a) Cruise Ships Market
------ -------- ------------ ------
Carnival Cruise Lines 54,480 22 North America
Princess Cruises ("Princess") 37,588 17 North America
Costa Cruises ("Costa")(b) 28,426 14 Europe
Holland America Line 21,378 14 North America
P&O Cruises(c) 11,998 6 United Kingdom ("UK")
AIDA Cruises ("AIDA") 9,862 6 Germany
Ibero Cruises ("Ibero") 5,010 4 Spain and Brazil
P&O Cruises Australia 4,744 3 Australia and New Zealand
Cunard Line ("Cunard") 4,608 2 UK and North America
Ocean Village(d) 1,578 1 UK
The Yachts of Seabourn ("Seabourn") 1,074 4 North America
------- --
180,746 93
------- --
(a) In accordance with cruise industry practice, passenger capacity is calculated based on
two passengers per cabin even though some cabins can accommodate three or more
passengers.
(b) Includes the 1,488-passenger capacity Costa Europa, which will be operated by an
unrelated entity under a bareboat charter agreement, commencing April 2010 and expiring
April 2020.
(c) Includes the 1,200-passenger capacity Artemis, which was sold in October 2009 to an
unrelated entity and is being operated by P&O Cruises under a bareboat charter
agreement until April 2011 (see Note 4).
(d) The Ocean Village brand is being phased-out with the planned transfer of its ship to P&O
Cruises Australia in November 2010.
Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in our financial statements. Actual
results could differ from these estimates. All significant intercompany balances and
transactions are eliminated in consolidation. In our accompanying Consolidated Statements of
Cash Flows we have revised our presentation of proceeds from and principal repayments of our
principal revolving credit facility to reflect the cash flows in connection with the underlying
borrowings and repayments under this revolver. This revision had no impact on the net proceeds
from and principal repayments of this revolver, or on our net cash used in financing activities.
We have evaluated subsequent events through January 28, 2010, and determined that no subsequent
events have occurred that would require recognition in the consolidated financial statements or
disclosure in the notes thereto other than as disclosed in the accompanying notes.
NOTE 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
We consolidate entities over which we have control (see Notes 3 and 15), as typically
evidenced by a direct ownership interest of greater than 50%. For affiliates where significant
influence over financial and operating policies exists, as typically evidenced by a direct
ownership interest from 20% to 50%, the investment is accounted for using the equity method.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include investments with maturities of three months or less at
acquisition, which are stated at cost. At November 30, 2009 and 2008, cash and cash equivalents
are comprised of cash on hand, money market funds and time deposits.
Marketable Securities
We account for our marketable securities as trading or available-for-sale. As of November
30, 2009 and 2008, our marketable securities were not significant and we had $16 million and $20
million of unrealized holding losses at such dates, respectively. All income generated from
these investments is recorded as interest and investment income.
Purchases and sales of short-term investments included in our 2007 Consolidated Statement of
Cash Flows consisted of investments with original maturities greater than three months with
floating interest rates, which typically reset every 28 days. Despite the long-term nature of
their stated contractual maturities, prior to November 30, 2007 we had the ability to quickly
liquidate these securities so they were considered short-term investments.
Inventories
Inventories consist primarily of food and beverage provisions, hotel and restaurant products
and supplies, gift shop and art merchandise held for resale and fuel, which are all carried at
the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the weighted-average or first-in, first-
out methods.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization were computed
using the straight-line method over our estimates of average useful lives and residual values, as
a percentage of original cost, as follows:
Residual
Values Years
-------- -----
Ships 15% 30
Ship improvements 0% or 15% 3-28
Buildings and improvements 0-10% 5-35
Computer hardware and software 0-10% 3-7
Transportation equipment and other 0-15% 2-20
Leasehold improvements, including port facilities Shorter of lease term
or related asset life
Ship improvement costs that we believe add value to our ships are capitalized to the ships
and depreciated over their or the ships' estimated remaining useful life, whichever is shorter,
while costs of repairs and maintenance, including minor improvement costs, are charged to expense
as incurred. We capitalize interest as part of acquiring ships and other capital projects during
their construction period. The specifically identified or estimated cost and accumulated
depreciation of previously capitalized ship components are written off upon retirement.
Dry-dock costs primarily represent planned major maintenance activities that are incurred
when a ship is taken out of service for scheduled maintenance. These costs are expensed as
incurred.
We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amounts of these assets may not be fully recoverable. The assessment
of possible impairment is based on our ability to recover the carrying value of our asset based
on our estimate of its undiscounted future cash flows. If these estimated undiscounted future
cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment charge is recognized for
the excess, if any, of the asset's carrying value over its estimated fair value.
Goodwill and Trademarks
We review our goodwill for impairment annually, and, when events or circumstances dictate,
more frequently. All of our goodwill has been allocated to our cruise line reporting units. Our
goodwill impairment reviews consist of a two-step process. The first step is to determine the
fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying value of the net assets allocated
to the reporting unit. If this fair value exceeds the carrying value no further analysis or
goodwill write-down is required. The second step is required if the fair value of the reporting
unit is less than the carrying value of the net assets. In this step the estimated fair value of
the reporting unit is allocated to all the underlying assets and liabilities, including both
recognized and unrecognized tangible and intangible assets, based on their relative fair values.
If necessary, goodwill is then written-down to its implied fair value.
The costs of developing and maintaining our trademarks are expensed as incurred. For
certain of our acquisitions we have allocated a portion of the purchase prices to the acquiree's
identified trademarks. Trademarks are estimated to have an indefinite useful life and,
therefore, are not amortizable, but are reviewed for impairment annually, and, when events or
circumstances dictate, more frequently. Our trademarks would be considered impaired if their
carrying value exceeds their estimated fair value.
Revenue and Expense Recognition
Guest cruise deposits represent unearned revenues and are initially recorded as customer
deposit liabilities when received. Customer deposits are subsequently recognized as cruise
revenues, together with revenues from onboard and other activities (which include transportation
and shore excursion revenues), and all associated direct costs of a voyage are recognized as
cruise expenses, upon completion of voyages with durations of ten nights or less and on a pro
rata basis for voyages in excess of ten nights. Future travel discount vouchers issued to guests
are typically recorded as a reduction of cruise passenger ticket revenues when such vouchers are
utilized. Cancellation fees are recognized in cruise passenger ticket revenues at the time of
the cancellation.
Our sale to guests of air and other transportation to and from our ships and the related
cost of purchasing this service are recorded as cruise passenger ticket revenues and cruise
transportation costs, respectively. The proceeds that we collect from the sale of third party
shore excursions and on behalf of onboard concessionaires, net of the amounts remitted to them,
are recorded as concession revenues, on a net basis, in onboard and other cruise revenues.
Revenues and expenses from our tour and travel services are recognized at the time the
services are performed or expenses are incurred.
Substantially all port and other taxes assessed on a per guest basis by a government or
quasi-governmental entity are presented on a net basis against the corresponding amounts
collected from our guests.
Insurance and Self-Insurance
We use a combination of insurance and self-insurance to address a number of risks including,
among others, claims related to crew and guests, hull and machinery, war risk, workers'
compensation, shoreside employee health, property damage and general liability. Liabilities
associated with certain of these risks, principally crew and guest claims, are estimated
actuarially based on historical claims experience, loss development factors and other
assumptions. While we believe the estimated loss amounts accrued are adequate, the ultimate loss
may differ from the amounts provided.
Selling and Administrative Expenses
Selling expenses include a broad range of advertising, such as marketing and promotional
expenses. Advertising is charged to expense as incurred, except for brochures and media
production costs. The brochures and media production costs are recorded as prepaid expenses and
charged to expense as consumed or upon the first airing of the advertisement, respectively.
Advertising expenses totaled $508 million, $524 million and $508 million in fiscal 2009, 2008 and
2007, respectively. At November 30, 2009 and 2008, the amount of advertising costs included in
prepaid expenses was not significant. Administrative expenses represent the costs of our
shoreside ship support, reservations and other administrative functions, and include items such
as salaries and related benefits, professional fees and occupancy costs, which are typically
expensed as incurred.
Foreign Currency Translations and Transactions
We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign operations that have functional
currencies other than the U.S. dollar at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date.
Revenues and expenses of these foreign operations are translated at weighted-average exchange
rates for the reporting period. Equity is translated at historical rates and the resulting
cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated
other comprehensive income ("AOCI"). Therefore, the U.S. dollar value of these non-equity
translated items in our consolidated financial statements will fluctuate from period to period,
depending on the changing value of the dollar versus these currencies.
Exchange gains and losses arising from the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities
and foreign currency transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of
the entity involved are immediately included in nonoperating earnings, unless such assets and
liabilities have been designated to act as hedges of ship commitments or net investments in our
foreign operations, respectively. In addition, the unrealized exchange gains or losses on our
long-term intercompany receivables denominated in a non-functional currency, which are not
expected to be repaid in the foreseeable future and are therefore considered to form part of our
net investments, are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments, which are included as
a component of AOCI. Net foreign currency transaction exchange gains or losses recorded in our
earnings were insignificant in fiscal 2009, 2008 and 2007.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number
of shares of common stock and ordinary shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings
per share is computed by dividing adjusted net income by the weighted-average number of shares of
common stock and ordinary shares, common stock equivalents and other potentially dilutive
securities outstanding during each period. For earnings per share purposes, Carnival Corporation
common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares are considered a single class of shares since they
have equivalent rights (see Note 3). All shares that are issuable under our outstanding
convertible notes that have contingent share conversion features have been considered outstanding
for our diluted earnings per share computations, if dilutive, using the "if converted" method of
accounting from the date of issuance.
Share-Based Compensation
We recognize compensation expense for all share-based compensation awards using the fair
value method. Share-based compensation cost is recognized ratably using the straight-line
attribution method over the expected vesting period or to the retirement eligibility date, if
less than the vesting period, when vesting is not contingent upon any future performance. In
addition, we estimate the amount of expected forfeitures, based on historical forfeiture
experience, when calculating compensation cost. If the actual forfeitures that occur are
significantly different from the estimate, then we revise our estimates.
NOTE 3 - DLC Structure
In 2003, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc (formerly known as P&O Princess Cruises plc)
completed a DLC transaction, which implemented Carnival Corporation & plc's DLC structure. The
contracts governing the DLC structure provide that Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc each
continue to have separate boards of directors, but the boards and senior executive management of
both companies are identical. The constitutional documents of each of the companies also provide
that, on most matters, the holders of the common equity of both companies effectively vote as a
single body. On specified matters where the interests of Carnival Corporation's shareholders may
differ from the interests of Carnival plc's shareholders (a "class rights action" such as
transactions primarily designed to amend or unwind the DLC structure), each shareholder body will
vote separately as a class. Generally, no class rights action will be implemented unless
approved by both shareholder bodies.
Upon the closing of the DLC transaction, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc also executed
the Equalization and Governance Agreement, which provides for the equalization of dividends and
liquidation distributions based on an equalization ratio and contains provisions relating to the
governance of the DLC structure. Because the current equalization ratio is 1 to 1, one Carnival
plc ordinary share is entitled to the same distributions, subject to the terms of the
Equalization and Governance Agreement, as one share of Carnival Corporation common stock. In a
liquidation of either company or both companies, if the hypothetical potential per share
liquidation distributions to each company's shareholders are not equivalent, taking into account
the relative value of the two companies' assets and the indebtedness of each company, to the
extent that one company has greater net assets so that any liquidation distribution to its
shareholders would not be equivalent on a per share basis, the company with the ability to make a
higher net distribution is required to make a payment to the other company to equalize the
possible net distribution to shareholders, subject to certain exceptions.
At the closing of the DLC transaction, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc also executed
deeds of guarantee. Under the terms of Carnival Corporation's deed of guarantee, Carnival
Corporation has agreed to guarantee all indebtedness and certain other monetary obligations of
Carnival plc that are incurred under agreements entered into on or after the closing date of the
DLC transaction. The terms of Carnival plc's deed of guarantee mirror those of Carnival
Corporation's. In addition, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc have each extended their
respective deeds of guarantee to the other's pre-DLC indebtedness and certain other monetary
obligations, or alternatively have provided standalone guarantees in lieu of utilization of these
deeds of guarantee, thus effectively cross guaranteeing all Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc
indebtedness and certain other monetary obligations. Each deed of guarantee provides that the
creditors to whom the obligations are owed are intended third party beneficiaries of such deed of
guarantee.
The deeds of guarantee are governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the Isle of
Man. Subject to the terms of the deeds of guarantee, the holders of indebtedness and other
obligations that are subject to the deeds of guarantee will have recourse to both Carnival plc
and Carnival Corporation though a Carnival plc creditor must first make written demand on
Carnival plc and a Carnival Corporation creditor on Carnival Corporation. Once the written
demand is made by letter or other form of notice, the holders of indebtedness or other
obligations may immediately commence an action against the relevant guarantor. Accordingly,
there is no requirement under the deeds of guarantee to obtain a judgment, take other enforcement
actions or wait any period of time prior to taking steps against the relevant guarantor. All
actions or proceedings arising out of or in connection with the deeds of guarantee must be
exclusively brought in courts in England.
Under the terms of the DLC transaction documents, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc are
permitted to transfer assets between the companies, make loans to or investments in each other
and otherwise enter into intercompany transactions. The companies have entered into some of these
types of transactions and may enter into additional transactions in the future to take advantage
of the flexibility provided by the DLC structure and to operate both companies as a single
unified economic enterprise in the most effective manner. In addition, under the terms of the
Equalization and Governance Agreement and the deeds of guarantee, the cash flow and assets of one
company are required to be used to pay the obligations of the other company, if necessary.
Given the DLC structure as described above, we believe that providing separate financial
statements for each of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc would not present a true and fair
view of the economic realities of their operations. Accordingly, separate financial statements
for both Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc have not been presented.
Simultaneously with the completion of the DLC transaction, a partial share offer ("PSO") for
20% of Carnival plc's shares was made and accepted, which enabled 20% of Carnival plc shares to
be exchanged for 41.7 million Carnival Corporation shares. All of these shares of Carnival plc
that are still held by Carnival Corporation as a result of the PSO, which initially cost $1.05
billion, are being accounted for as treasury stock in the accompanying Consolidated Balance
Sheets.
NOTE 4 - Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consisted of the following (in millions):
November 30,
--------------------
2009 2008
---- ----
Ships $35,187 $30,557
Ships under construction 770 707
------- -------
35,957 31,264
Land, buildings and improvements, including
leasehold improvements and port facilities 864 762
Computer hardware and software,
transportation equipment and other 913 847
------- -------
Total property and equipment 37,734 32,873
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (7,864) (6,416)
------- -------
$29,870 $26,457
------- -------
Capitalized interest, primarily on our ships under construction, amounted to $37 million,
$52 million and $44 million in fiscal 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Ships under
construction include progress payments for the construction of new ships, as well as design and
engineering fees, capitalized interest, construction oversight costs and various owner supplied
items. At November 30, 2009, four ships with an aggregate net book value of $1.5 billion were
pledged as collateral pursuant to mortgages related to $700 million of debt. Subsequent to
November 30, 2009, the mortgages on two of these ships with an aggregate net book value of $688
million were released and, accordingly, $309 million of secured debt became unsecured. See Note
5.
Repairs and maintenance expenses, including minor improvement costs and dry-dock expenses,
were $749 million, $661 million and $583 million in fiscal 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and
are substantially all included in other ship operating expenses in the accompanying Consolidated
Statements of Operations.
In October 2009, we finalized an agreement to sell P&O Cruises' Artemis to an unrelated
entity (the "buyer") for approximately $100 million, and to charter her back until April 2011.
We received approximately $50 million as a down payment and provided interest-bearing seller-
financing, secured by the ship, for the remaining portion of the sales price. This sale resulted
in a gain, which we had deferred and not recognized in our 2009 Consolidated Statements of
Operations due to contingent gain uncertainties surrounding the ultimate collection of the note
receivable.
On January 14, 2010, we collected all of our outstanding P&O Cruises' Artemis note
receivable from the buyer in advance of its original due dates, after the buyer obtained third-
party financing. Accordingly, we recognized a gain of approximately $45 million in January 2010
as the contingency surrounding the ultimate collection of the note was fully resolved.
NOTE 5 - Debt
Long-term debt and short-term borrowings consisted of the following (in millions):
November 30,
----------------
2009(a) 2008(a)
---- ----
SECURED LONG-TERM DEBT
----------------------
Fixed rate export credit facilities, collateralized by two ships,
bearing interest at 5.4% and 5.5%, due through 2016(b) $ 375 $ 376
Floating rate export credit facilities, collateralized by four
ships, bearing interest at LIBOR plus 1.1% to 1.3% (1.7%
to 2.6%), due through 2015(b) 325 441
Other 3 2
------- ------
Total Secured Long-term Debt 703 819
------- ------
UNSECURED LONG-TERM DEBT
------------------------
Export Credit Facilities
Fixed rate export credit facilities, bearing interest at 4.2%
to 5.0%, due through 2020(c) 2,603 2,867
Euro fixed rate export credit facility, bearing interest at 4.5%,
due through 2024(c) 299
Floating rate export credit facility, bearing interest at LIBOR
plus 1.6% (2.8%), due through 2017(d) 83
Euro floating rate export credit facilities, bearing interest at
EURIBOR plus 0.2% to 1.6% (1.2% to 3.1%), due through 2021(e) 1,111 261
Bank Loans
Fixed rate bank loans, bearing interest at 3.5% to 4.5%, due
in 2015(c)(f)(h) 850 500
Euro fixed rate bank loans, bearing interest at 3.9% to 4.7%,
due through 2021(c)(g) 524 82
Floating rate bank loans, bearing interest at LIBOR plus 2.5%
(2.7% and 2.8%), due in 2012(h) 200
Euro floating rate bank loans, bearing interest at EURIBOR plus
0.55% (1.6%), due in 2014(c)(g) 152 607
Revolver (h)(i)
Loans, bearing interest at LIBOR plus 0.2% (0.4%) 212 583
Euro loans, bearing interest at EURIBOR plus 0.2% (0.6%) 52 208
Private Placement Notes
Fixed rate notes, bearing interest at 4.9% to 6.0%, due through 2016 224 229
Euro fixed rate notes, bearing interest at 6.7% to 7.3%, due through
2018(c) 278 236
Publicly-Traded Notes
Fixed rate notes, bearing interest at 6.7% to 7.2%, due through 2028 530 530
Euro fixed rate notes, bearing interest at 4.3%, due in 2013 1,119 949
Sterling fixed rate notes, bearing interest at 5.6%, due in 2012 339 320
Publicly-Traded Convertible Notes
Notes, bearing interest at 2%, due in 2021, with next put option in
2011 595 595
Notes, bearing interest at 1.75%, net of discount 9 271
Other 29 30
------- ------
Total Unsecured Long-term Debt 9,209 8,268
------- ------
UNSECURED SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
-------------------------------
Bank loans, with aggregate weighted-average interest rates of
0.3%, repaid in December 2009 96 12
Euro bank loans, with aggregate weighted-average interest rates of
0.6%, repaid in December 2009 39 244
------- ------
Total Unsecured Short-term Borrowings 135 256
------- ------
Total Unsecured Debt 9,344 8,524
------- ------
Total Debt 10,047 9,343
------- ------
Less short-term borrowings (135) (256)
Less current portion of long-term debt (815) (1,081)
Less convertible debt subject to current put option (271)
------- ------
Total Long-term Debt $ 9,097 $7,735
------- ------
(a) All interest rates are as of November 30, 2009. The debt table does not include the
impact of our foreign currency and interest rate swaps. At November 30, 2009, 59%, 38%
and 3% (62%, 30% and 8% at November 30, 2008) of our debt was U.S. dollar, euro and
sterling-denominated, respectively, including the effect of foreign currency swaps. At
November 30, 2009, 71% and 29% (74% and 26% at November 30, 2008) of our debt bore fixed
and floating interest rates, respectively, including the effect of interest rate swaps.
Substantially all of our debt agreements contain one or more of the following financial
covenants that require us, among other things, to maintain minimum debt service coverage
and minimum shareholders' equity and to limit our debt to capital and debt to equity
ratios and the amounts of our secured assets and secured and other indebtedness.
Generally, if an event of default under any debt agreement occurs, then pursuant to
cross default acceleration clauses, substantially all of our outstanding debt and
derivative contract payables (see Note 10) could become due, and all debt and derivative
contracts could be terminated. At November 30, 2009, we believe we were in compliance
with all of our debt covenants.
(b) A portion of two export credit facilities have both fixed and floating interest rate
components. In addition, the collateral for $309 million of fixed rate export credit
facilities was released in January 2010 and, accordingly, this debt is no longer secured.
(c) Includes an aggregate $3.7 billion of debt whose interest rate will increase upon a
reduction in the senior unsecured credit ratings of Carnival Corporation or Carnival plc
from BBB+/A3 to BBB/Baa2 and will increase further upon additional credit rating
reductions, exclusive of the amount shown in Note (h).
(d) In 2009, we borrowed $83 million under a floating rate export credit facility, which
proceeds were used to pay a portion of Seabourn Odyssey purchase price.
(e) In 2009, we borrowed $301 million and $486 million under two floating rate euro Export
credit facilities, which proceeds were used to pay a portion of AIDAluna and Costa
Pacifica purchase prices, respectively.
(f) Includes two facilities that aggregate to $650 million, which currently carry fixed
interest rates. However, each facility can be switched in the future to a floating
interest rate at the option of the lenders.
(g) In 2009, we borrowed $597 million under two unsecured term loan facilities, of which
$149 million is floating and $448 million is fixed. These proceeds were used to pay for
a portion of Carnival Dream's purchase price. At November 30, 2009, these facilities
bear an aggregate weighted-average interest rate of 3.4%. The fixed rate facility is
repayable in semi-annual installments through 2021 and the floating rate facility is
repayable in full in 2014.
(h) Includes an aggregate $664 million of debt whose interest rate, and in the case of the
revolver its commitment fees, will increase upon a reduction in the senior unsecured
credit ratings of Carnival Corporation or Carnival plc from A3 to Baa1 and will increase
further upon additional credit rating reductions.
(i) Carnival Corporation, Carnival plc and certain of Carnival plc's subsidiaries are
parties to our principal revolver for $2.1 billion (comprised of $1.2 billion,
€400 million and £200 million). Under this revolver we can draw loans in U.S. dollars,
euros and sterling.
At November 30, 2009, the scheduled annual maturities of our debt were as follows (in
millions):
There-
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 after
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -----
Short-term borrowings $135
Revolver 126 $ 138
Convertible notes $595 $ 9
Other long-term debt 689 588 1,379 1,681 $894 $3,813
---- ------ ------ ------ ---- ------
Total $950 $1,183 $1,517 $1,690 $894 $3,813
---- ------ ------ ------ ---- ------
Debt issuance costs are generally amortized to interest expense using the straight-line
method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the term of the notes or to the
noteholders first put option date, whichever is earlier. In addition, all debt issue discounts
are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the term of the
notes.
Committed Ship and Other Financings
We have unsecured long-term export credit committed ship financings, for which we have the
option to draw in order to pay for a portion of certain ships' purchase prices. These
commitments, if drawn, are repayable semi-annually over at least a 12-year period, and we have
the option to cancel each one up until 60 days prior to the underlying ship's delivery date. At
November 30, 2009, our committed ship financings are as follows:
Fiscal Year
Date Scheduled for
Ship Committed Funding Amount
---- --------- ------- ------
(in millions)
AIDAblu 10/08 2010 $ 393
AIDAsol 12/08 2011 431
AIDA Newbuild 12/08 2012 437
Costa Deliziosa 6/09 2010 299
Costa Favolosa 6/09 2011 225
Queen Elizabeth 11/09 2010 527
Carnival Magic 11/09 2011 615
Carnival Newbuild 11/09 2012 560
------
Total $3,487
------
In addition at November 30, 2009, we also have $144 million available under another
committed financing.
Revolving Credit Facilities
Under our principal revolver, we are required to pay a commitment fee of 30% of the margin
per annum on any undrawn portion. If more than 50% of this revolver is drawn, we will incur an
additional 5 basis points ("bps") utilization fee on the total amount outstanding. This revolver
matures in October 2012, except for $39 million which matures in October 2011. In addition, at
November 30, 2009 we had five other revolving credit facilities, of which three facilities with
an aggregate principal amount of $350 million were entered into in 2009. These facilities have a
weighted-average undrawn annual commitment fee of 35 bps, serve as back-up liquidity to our
principal revolver and mature through 2012. At November 30, 2009, $2.4 billion was available
under all these revolvers.
Convertible Notes
At November 30, 2009, Carnival Corporation's 2% convertible notes ("2% Notes") are
convertible into 15.2 million shares of Carnival Corporation common stock. The 2% Notes are
convertible at a conversion price of $39.14 per share, subject to adjustment, during any fiscal
quarter for which the closing price of the Carnival Corporation common stock is greater than
$43.05 per share for a defined duration of time in the preceding fiscal quarter. The conditions
for conversion of the 2% Notes were not satisfied during 2009 and 2008. Only a nominal amount of
our 2% Notes have been converted since their issuance in 2000.
On April 15, 2011, the 2% noteholders may require us to repurchase all or a portion of the
2% Notes at their face values plus any unpaid accrued interest. In addition, we currently may
redeem all or a portion of the outstanding 2% Notes at their face value plus any unpaid accrued
interest, subject to the noteholders' right to convert. Upon conversion, redemption or
repurchase of the 2% Notes, we may choose to deliver Carnival Corporation common stock, cash or a
combination of cash and common stock with a total value equal to the value of the consideration
otherwise deliverable.
On October 29, 2009, as a result of substantially all of the holders of the Carnival
Corporation 1.75% Convertible Notes ("1.75% Notes") exercising their put options, we repurchased
$409 million of the then outstanding 1.75% Notes at their accreted value plus accrued interest.
NOTE 6 - Commitments
Ship Commitments
At November 30, 2009, we had 13 ships under contract for construction with an aggregate
passenger capacity of 30,442. The estimated total cost of these ships is approximately $8.2
billion, which includes the contract price with the shipyard, design and engineering fees,
capitalized interest, construction oversight costs and various owner supplied items. We have
paid $770 million through November 30, 2009 and anticipate paying the remaining estimated total
costs as follows: $3.4 billion, $2.2 billion and $1.8 billion in fiscal 2010, 2011 and 2012,
respectively.
Operating Leases, Port Facilities and Other Commitments
Rent expense under our operating leases, primarily for office and warehouse space, was $54
million, $52 million and $46 million in fiscal 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. At November
30, 2009, minimum amounts payable for our operating leases, with initial or remaining terms in
excess of one year, and for the annual usage of port facilities and other contractual commitments
with remaining terms in excess of one year, were as follows (in millions):
Fiscal Operating Port Facilities
Year Leases and Other
---- ------ ---------
2010 $ 49 $146
2011 43 112
2012 37 87
2013 33 77
2014 24 50
Thereafter 115 490
---- ----
Total $301 $962
---- ----
NOTE 7 - Contingencies
Litigation
In the normal course of our business, various claims and lawsuits have been filed or are
pending against us. Most of these claims and lawsuits are covered by insurance and, accordingly,
the maximum amount of our liability, net of any insurance recoverables, is typically limited to
our self-insurance retention levels. However, the ultimate outcome of these claims and lawsuits
which are not covered by insurance cannot be determined at this time.
Contingent Obligations - Lease Out and Lease Back Type ("LILO") Transactions
At November 30, 2009, Carnival Corporation had estimated contingent obligations totaling
$585 million, excluding termination payments as discussed below, to participants in LILO
transactions for two of its ships. At the inception of these leases, the aggregate of the net
present value of these obligations was paid by Carnival Corporation to a group of major financial
institutions, one of which includes American International Group Inc. ("AIG"), who agreed to act
as payment undertakers and directly pay these obligations. Accordingly, these contingent
obligations are considered extinguished, and neither the funds nor the contingent obligations
have been included in our accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In the event that Carnival Corporation were to default on its contingent obligations and
assuming performance by all other participants, we estimate that we would, as of November 30,
2009, be responsible for a termination payment of approximately $95 million. In 2017 we have the
right to exercise options that would terminate these two LILO transactions at no cost to us.
In certain cases, if the credit ratings of the financial institutions who are directly
paying the contingent obligations fall below AA-, then Carnival Corporation will be required to
replace these financial institutions with other financial institutions whose credit ratings are
at least AA or meet other specified credit requirements. In such circumstances we would incur
additional costs, although we estimate that they will be immaterial to our financial statements.
All of the financial institution payment undertakers subject to this AA- credit rating threshold
have credit ratings of AAA. If Carnival Corporation's credit rating, which is BBB+, falls below
BBB, it will be required to provide a standby letter of credit for $67 million, or,
alternatively, provide mortgages for this aggregate amount on these two ships.
In September 2008, the credit ratings of AIG and its subsidiaries involved in one of the
above LILO transactions were downgraded from AA- to A-. As a result of this downgrade, AIG
pledged collateral to support its obligations as a payment undertaker under the terms of this
LILO transaction and, accordingly, AIG is no longer subject to the AA- credit rating threshold
discussed above.
Carnival Corporation and AIG were also parties to a third LILO transaction. In September
2008, we replaced AIG as the payment undertaker under this third LILO transaction by purchasing
$80 million of U.S. Treasury strip securities using funds substantially all of which were
provided by AIG. In February 2009, Carnival and the remaining participants voluntarily unwound
this LILO transaction. Accordingly, the $80 million of long-term U.S. Treasury strip securities
that we held as collateral for our recorded LILO obligation were released to extinguish this
obligation. As a result of the unwinding of this third LILO transaction, we recorded a $15
million nonoperating gain in February 2009, which had originally been deferred at the inception
of the LILO transaction and was being amortized over its term.
Contingent Obligations - Indemnifications
Some of the debt agreements that we enter into include indemnification provisions that
obligate us to make payments to the counterparty if certain events occur. These contingencies
generally relate to changes in taxes and changes in laws that increase lender capital costs and
other similar costs. The indemnification clauses are often standard contractual terms and were
entered into in the normal course of business. There are no stated or notional amounts included
in the indemnification clauses and we are not able to estimate the maximum potential amount of
future payments, if any, under these indemnification clauses. We have not been required to make
any material payments under such indemnification clauses in the past and, under current
circumstances, we do not believe a request for material future indemnification payments is
probable.
NOTE 8 - Income and Other Taxes
We are primarily foreign corporations engaged in the business of operating passenger vessels
in international transportation. Generally, income from or incidental to the international
operation of vessels is subject to preferential tax regimes in the countries where the vessel
owning and operating companies are incorporated, and generally exempt from income tax in other
countries where the vessels call due to the application of income tax treaties or domestic law
which, in the U.S., is Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code. Income that we earn which is
not associated with the international operation of ships or earned in countries without
preferential tax regimes is subject to income tax in the countries where such income is earned.
AIDA, Costa, Cunard, Ibero, Ocean Village, P&O Cruises and P&O Cruises Australia are subject
to income tax under the tonnage tax regimes of either Italy or the United Kingdom. Under both
tonnage tax regimes, shipping profits, as defined under the applicable law, are subject to
corporation tax by reference to the net tonnage of qualifying vessels. Income not considered to
be shipping profits under tonnage tax rules is taxable under either the Italian tax regime
applicable to Italian registered ships or the normal UK income tax rules. In addition, Ibero is
subject to a preferential Portuguese income tax applicable to international shipping operations.
We believe that substantially all of the ordinary income attributable to these brands constitutes
shipping profits and, accordingly, Italian, Portuguese and UK income tax expenses for these
operations have been minimal under the existing tax regimes.
Carnival Cruise Lines, Princess, Holland America Line and Seabourn are primarily subject to
the income tax laws of Panama, Bermuda, the Netherlands Antilles and Bermuda, respectively. As a
general matter, the laws of Panama and the Netherlands Antilles exempt earnings derived from
international ship operations and Bermuda does not have an income tax. With respect to the U.S.
domestic law exemption, Section 883 regulations limit the types of income deemed to be derived
from the international operation of a ship that are exempt from income tax. Accordingly, our
provision for U.S. federal and state income taxes includes taxes on a portion of our ship
operations, in addition to the transportation, hotel and tour business of Holland America
Princess Alaska Tours.
We do not expect to incur income taxes on future distributions of undistributed earnings of
foreign subsidiaries and, accordingly, no deferred income taxes have been provided for the
distribution of these earnings. All interest expense related to income tax liabilities are
classified as income tax expenses. In addition to or in place of income taxes, virtually all
jurisdictions where our ships call impose taxes and/or fees based on guest counts, ship tonnage,
ship capacity or some other measure.
On December 1, 2007, we changed the method for which we account for uncertain income tax
positions. This method clarified, among other things, the accounting for uncertain income tax
positions by prescribing a minimum probability threshold that a tax position must meet before a
financial statement income tax benefit is recognized. The minimum threshold is defined as a tax
position that, based solely on its technical merits, is more likely than not to be sustained upon
examination by the relevant taxing authority. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as
the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate
resolution. This accounting method was applied to all existing tax positions upon adoption. The
change resulted in an $11 million reduction to our opening fiscal 2008 retained earnings. In
addition, based on all known facts and circumstances and current tax law, we believe that the
total amount of our uncertain income tax position liabilities and related accrued interest are
not material to our financial position.
NOTE 9 - Shareholders' Equity
Carnival Corporation's Articles of Incorporation authorize its Board of Directors, at its
discretion, to issue up to 40 million shares of preferred stock, and Carnival plc has 100,000
authorized preference shares. At November 30, 2009 and 2008, no Carnival Corporation preferred
stock had been issued and only a nominal amount of Carnival plc preference shares had been
issued.
In June 2006, the Boards of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $1
billion of Carnival Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares subject to certain
restrictions. On September 19, 2007, the Boards of Directors increased the remaining $578
million general repurchase authorization back to $1 billion. During fiscal 2008 and 2007, we
purchased 0.6 million and 0.2 million shares of Carnival Corporation common stock, and 1.3
million and 7.3 million ordinary shares of Carnival plc, respectively, under this general
repurchase authorization. At January 28, 2010, the remaining availability under the general
repurchase authorization was $787 million. The general repurchase authorization does not have an
expiration date and may be discontinued by our Boards of Directors at any time.
In addition to the general repurchase authorization, the Boards of Directors have authorized
the repurchase of up to 19.2 million Carnival plc ordinary shares and up to 25 million shares of
Carnival Corporation common stock under the "Stock Swap" programs described below. We use the
"Stock Swap" programs in situations where we can obtain an economic benefit because either
Carnival Corporation common stock or Carnival plc ordinary shares are trading at a price that is
at a premium or discount to the price of Carnival plc ordinary shares or Carnival Corporation
common stock, as the case may be. All Carnival plc share repurchases under both the general
repurchase authorization and the "Stock Swap" authorization require annual shareholder approval.
In fiscal 2009 and 2008, we sold 450,000 shares and 633,000 shares of Carnival Corporation
common stock for $9 million and $15 million of net proceeds, respectively. In fiscal 2009 and
2008, substantially all of these net proceeds were used to fund the repurchase of 450,000 shares
and 633,000 shares of Carnival plc ordinary shares, respectively. In these offerings, we sold
Carnival Corporation common stock in the U.S., only to the extent we were able to purchase shares
of Carnival plc in the UK on at least an equivalent basis under the "Stock Swap" program.
In fiscal 2009, we also sold 5.8 million shares of Carnival plc ordinary shares for $187
million of net proceeds, substantially all of which was used to fund the repurchase of 5.8
million shares of Carnival Corporation common stock. In these offerings, we sold in the UK
Carnival plc ordinary shares held in treasury, only to the extent we were able to purchase shares
of Carnival Corporation in the U.S. on at least an equivalent basis under the "Stock Swap"
program.
At November 30, 2009, there were 42.9 million shares of Carnival Corporation common stock
reserved for issuance pursuant to its convertible notes and its employee benefit and dividend
reinvestment plans. In addition, Carnival plc shareholders have authorized 12.5 million ordinary
shares for future issuance under its employee benefit plans.
At November 30, 2009 and 2008, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was as follows
(in millions):
November 30,
------------
2009 2008
---- ----
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, net $565 $(478)
Unrecognized pension expenses (99) (35)
Unrealized loss on marketable security (16) (20)
Net gains (losses) on effective cash flow derivative hedges 12 (90)
---- -----
$462 $(623)
---- -----
NOTE 10 - Fair Value Measurements, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Fair Value Measurements
U.S. accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used
to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in
active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority
to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the
use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs
used to measure fair value are as follows:
- Level 1 measurements are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access.
- Level 2 measurements are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities
in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities
in markets that are not active or market data other than quoted prices that are
observable for the assets or liabilities.
- Level 3 measurements are based on unobservable data that are supported by little
or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or
liabilities.
Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant
who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measure. Therefore,
even when market assumptions are not readily available, our own assumptions are set to reflect
those that we believe market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the
measurement date.
Financial Instruments that ARE NOT measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The estimated carrying and fair values of our financial instrument assets and (liabilities)
that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):
November 30, 2009 November 30, 2008
--------------------- --------------------
Carrying Carrying
Value Fair Value Value Fair Value
-------- ---------- -------- ----------
Cash and cash equivalents(a) $ 324 $ 324 $ 345 $ 345
Long-term other assets(b) $ 187 $ 181 $ 243 $ 227
Debt, non-convertible(c) $(9,443) $(9,376) $(8,477) $(6,591)
Publicly-traded convertible
notes(d) $ (604) $ (627) $ (866) $ (754)
(a) Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash on hand and time deposits and due to
their short maturities the carrying values approximate their fair values.
(b) At both November 30, 2009 and 2008, long-term other assets included notes and other
receivables. At November 30, 2008, U.S. Treasury strip securities were also included in
long-term other assets. The fair values of notes and other receivables were based on
estimated future cash flows discounted at appropriate market interest rates. The fair
values of U.S. Treasury strip securities were based on quoted market prices.
(c) The net difference between the fair value of our non-convertible debt and its carrying
value was due to the market interest rates in existence at the respective measurement
dates being higher than the current interest rates on our debt obligations, including
the impact of changes in our credit ratings. The fair values of our publicly-traded
notes were based on their quoted market prices. The fair values of our other debt were
estimated based on appropriate market interest rates being applied to this debt.
(d) The net difference between the fair values of our publicly-traded convertible notes and
their carrying values was primarily due to the impact of changes in the Carnival
Corporation common stock price underlying the value of our convertible notes at November
30, 2009, and higher market interest rates than our convertible notes' interest rates at
November 30, 2008. Their fair values were based on quoted market prices.
Financial Instruments that ARE measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The estimated fair value and basis of valuation of our financial instrument assets and
(liabilities) that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):
November 30, 2009 November 30, 2008
----------------- -----------------
Level 1 Level 2 Level 1 Level 2
------- ------- ------- -------
Cash equivalents(a) $214 $305
Marketable securities held
in rabbi trusts(b) $106 $ 17 $ 92 $ 21
Derivatives:
Ship foreign currency
forwards and options(c) $ 41 $(20)
Net investment hedges(d) $ (33) $ 13
Debt related currency swaps(e) $104
Interest rate swaps(f) $ 3 $ 5
(a) Cash equivalents are comprised of money market funds.
(b) Marketable securities held in rabbi trusts are comprised primarily of mutual funds
invested in common stocks, bonds and other investments.
(c) At November 30, 2009 and 2008, we have foreign currency forwards and options totaling
$887 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, that are designated as foreign currency cash
flow hedges for two of our euro-denominated shipbuilding contracts. These foreign
currency forwards and options mature in 2010 and, at November 30, 2009, they hedge 35.1%
of our newbuild capacity on order that is exposed to currency risk.
(d) At November 30, 2009 and 2008, we have foreign currency swaps and forwards totaling
$526 million and $284 million, respectively, that are designated as hedges of our net
investments in foreign operations, which have a euro-denominated functional currency.
These foreign currency swaps mature in 2010 and the forwards mature through 2017 and were
all entered into to effectively convert U.S. dollar-denominated debt into euro debt.
(e) At November 30, 2008, we had designated foreign currency cash flow swaps that effectively
converted $398 million of U.S. dollar fixed interest rate debt into sterling fixed
interest rate debt. The changes in fair value are included as a component of AOCI. In
December 2008, we settled these foreign currency swaps and thus re-aligned the debt with
the parent company's U.S. dollar functional currency.
(f) We have both U.S. dollar and sterling interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges
whereby we receive fixed interest rate payments in exchange for making floating interest
rate payments. At November 30, 2009 and 2008, these interest rate swap agreements
effectively changed $625 million and $96 million, respectively, of fixed rate debt to
U.S. dollar LIBOR or GBP LIBOR-based floating rate debt. These interest rate swaps
mature through 2012.
We measure our derivatives using valuations that are calibrated to the initial trade
prices. Subsequent valuations are based on observable inputs and other variables included in the
valuation model such as interest rate yield curves, forward currency exchange rates, credit
spreads, maturity dates, volatilities and netting arrangements. We use the income approach to
value the derivatives, using observable market data for all significant inputs and standard
valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount, assuming that
participants are motivated, but not compelled to transact. The fair value measurement of a
financial asset or financial liability must reflect the nonperformance risk of the entity and the
counterparty. Therefore, the impact of our counterparty's creditworthiness was considered when
in an asset position and our creditworthiness was considered when in a liability position in the
fair value measurement of our derivative instruments. Creditworthiness did not have a material
impact on the fair value of our derivative instruments at either November 30, 2009 or 2008. Both
the counterparties and we are expected to continue to perform under the contractual terms of the
instruments.
Nonfinancial Instruments that ARE measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
We performed our annual goodwill impairment reviews as of July 31, 2009, by comparing the
estimated fair value of each cruise line reporting unit to the carrying value of the net assets
allocated to that reporting unit. All of our cruise line reporting units carry goodwill, except
for Ocean Village and Seabourn. No goodwill was considered to be impaired because the estimated
fair values of each cruise line reporting unit exceeded their respective carrying values and,
accordingly, we did not proceed to step two of the impairment analysis.
We estimated cruise line reporting unit fair values based upon a combined weighting of the
fair values determined using (a) discounted future cash flow analysis and (b) market multiples of
comparable publicly-traded companies. The principal assumptions used in our cash flow analysis
related to forecasting future operating results, including net revenue yields, net cruise costs
including fuel prices, capacity increases, weighted-average cost of capital for comparable
publicly-traded companies and terminal values, which are all considered level 3 inputs. We
compared the resulting estimated enterprise fair value to our observable capital market
enterprise value.
We also performed our annual trademark impairment reviews as of July 31, 2009, by comparing
the estimated fair values of our trademarks to their carrying values. The cruise brands that
have trademark amounts recorded are AIDA, Ibero, P&O Cruises, P&O Cruises Australia and
Princess. The estimated fair values for each of our trademarks exceeded their respective
carrying values and, therefore, none of our trademarks were impaired. We estimated fair values
based upon a discounted future cash flow analysis, which estimated the amount of royalties that
we are relieved from having to pay for use of the associated trademarks, based upon forecasted
cruise revenues. The royalty rates are primarily based upon comparable royalty agreements used
in similar industries.
We do not believe there have been any events or circumstances subsequent to July 31, 2009,
which would require us to perform interim goodwill or trademark impairment reviews, except for
the interim goodwill review we performed at Ibero as of September 30, 2009 because of a one-year
acceleration of a ship transfer into Ibero. Based on this interim review, none of Ibero's $173
million of goodwill was considered impaired. We will continue to monitor the status of our Ibero
operation since the Spanish economy and Spanish consumers' demand for vacations are among the
most challenging in Europe.
The determination of our cruise line reporting unit fair values include numerous
uncertainties. We believe that we have made reasonable estimates and judgments in determining
whether our goodwill and trademarks have been impaired. However, if there is a material change
in assumptions used in our determination of fair values or if there is a material change in the
conditions or circumstances influencing fair values, we could be required to recognize a material
impairment charge.
Changes to our goodwill carrying amounts since November 30, 2007 were substantially all due
to changes resulting from using different foreign currency translation rates at each balance
sheet date.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
In March 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued a statement which
requires entities to provide greater transparency in interim and annual financial statements
about how and why the entity uses derivative instruments, how the instruments and related hedged
items are accounted for, and how the instruments and related hedged items affect the financial
position, results of operations, and cash flows of the entity. We adopted this new statement
effective December 1, 2008.
We utilize derivative and nonderivative financial instruments, such as foreign currency
forwards, options and swaps, foreign currency debt obligations and foreign currency cash
balances, to manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and interest
rate swaps to manage our interest rate exposure in order to achieve a desired proportion of
floating and fixed rate debt. Our policy is to not use any financial instruments for trading or
other speculative purposes.
All derivatives are recorded at fair value, and the changes in fair value are immediately
included in earnings if the derivatives do not qualify as effective hedges. If a derivative is
designated as a fair value hedge, then changes in the fair value of the derivative are offset
against the changes in the fair value of the underlying hedged item. If a derivative is
designated as a cash flow hedge, then the effective portion of the changes in the fair value of
the derivative are recognized as a component of AOCI until the underlying hedged item is
recognized in earnings or the forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring. If a
derivative or a nonderivative financial instrument is designated as a hedge of our net investment
in a foreign operation, then changes in the fair value of the financial instrument are recognized
as a component of AOCI to offset a portion of the change in the translated value of the net
investment being hedged, until the investment is sold or liquidated. We formally document
hedging relationships for all derivative and nonderivative hedges and the underlying hedged
items, as well as our risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge
transactions.
We classify the fair value of all our derivative contracts and the fair value of our hedged
firm commitments as either current or long-term, which are included in prepaid expenses and other
assets and accrued and other liabilities, depending on whether the maturity date of the
derivative contract is within or beyond one year from the balance sheet date. The cash flows
from derivatives treated as hedges are classified in our accompanying Consolidated Statements of
Cash Flows in the same category as the item being hedged.
The effective portions of our foreign currency derivative gains on cash flow hedges and
losses on net investment hedges recognized in other comprehensive income in fiscal 2009 were $101
million and $49 million, respectively. We have not provided disclosures of the impact that
derivative instruments and hedging activities have on our financial statements as of and for the
year ended November 30, 2009 where such impact is not significant. There are no amounts excluded
from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and there are no credit risk related contingent
features in our derivative agreements. The amount of estimated cash flow hedges' unrealized
gains and losses which are expected to be reclassified to earnings in the next twelve months is
not significant.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
Operational and Investment Currency Risk
We manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates through our normal
operating and financing activities, including netting certain exposures to take advantage of any
natural offsets and, when considered appropriate, through the use of derivative and nonderivative
financial instruments. Our focus is to manage the economic risks faced by our operations, which
are the ultimate foreign currency exchange risks that would be realized by us if we exchanged one
currency for another, and not the accounting risks. Accordingly, we do not currently hedge these
accounting risks with financial instruments. The financial impacts of the hedging instruments we
do employ are generally offset by corresponding changes in the underlying exposures being hedged.
The growth of our European and Australian brands subjects us to an increasing level of
foreign currency translation risk related to the euro, sterling and Australian dollar because
these brands generate significant revenues and incur significant expenses in euro, sterling or
the Australian dollar. Accordingly, exchange rate fluctuations of the euro, sterling or
Australian dollar against the U.S. dollar will affect our reported financial results since the
reporting currency for our consolidated financial statements is the U.S. dollar. Any
strengthening of the U.S. dollar against these foreign currencies has the financial statement
effect of decreasing the U.S. dollar values reported for cruise revenues and cruise expenses in
our accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Weakening of the U.S. dollar has the
opposite effect.
Most of our brands have non-functional currency risk related to their international sales
operations, which has become an increasingly larger part of most of their businesses over time,
and primarily includes the same currencies noted above, as well as the U.S. and Canadian
dollars. In addition, all of our brands have non-functional currency expenses for a portion of
their operating expenses. Accordingly, a weakening of the U.S. dollar against these currencies
results in both increased revenues and increased expenses, and the strengthening of the U.S.
dollar against these currencies has the opposite effect, resulting in some degree of natural
offset due to currency exchange movements within our accompanying Consolidated Statements of
Operations for these transactional currency gains and losses.
We consider our investments in foreign operations to be denominated in relatively stable
currencies and of a long-term nature. We partially address our net investment currency exposures
by denominating a portion of our debt, including the effect of foreign currency forwards and
swaps, in our foreign operations' functional currencies (generally the euro or sterling). As of
November 30, 2009 and 2008, we have designated $2.0 billion and $1.6 billion of our euro debt and
$362 million and $343 million of our sterling debt and other obligations, respectively, which
mature through 2019, as nonderivative hedges of our net investments in foreign operations.
Accordingly, we have included $88 million of cumulative foreign currency transaction losses and
$319 million of cumulative foreign currency transaction gains in the cumulative translation
adjustment component of AOCI at November 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively, which offsets a portion
of the gains and losses recorded in AOCI upon translating our foreign operations' net assets into
U.S. dollars.
Newbuild Currency Risk
More than 60% of our newbuild capacity on order at November 30, 2009 is for those of our
European or North American brands for which we do not have significant currency risk because all
of these ships are contracted for in euros or U.S. dollars, which are the functional currencies
of these brands. However, our U.S. dollar and sterling functional currency brands have foreign
currency exchange rate risks related to our outstanding or possible future commitments under ship
construction contracts denominated in euros. These foreign currency commitments are affected by
fluctuations in the value of the functional currency as compared to the currency in which the
shipbuilding contract is denominated. We use foreign currency contracts and have used
nonderivative financial instruments to manage foreign currency exchange rate risk for some of our
ship construction contracts. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of these foreign currency
contracts offset changes in the fair value of the foreign currency denominated ship construction
commitments, thus resulting in the elimination of such risk.
Our decisions regarding whether or not to hedge a given ship commitment for our North
American and UK brands are made on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the amount and
duration of the exposure, market volatility, exchange rate correlation, economic trends and other
offsetting risks.
The cost of shipbuilding orders that we may place in the future for our cruise lines that
generate their cash flows in a currency that is different than the shipyard's operating currency,
which is generally the euro, is expected to be affected by foreign currency exchange rate
fluctuations. Given the movement in the U.S. dollar and sterling relative to the euro over the
past several years, the U.S. dollar and sterling cost to order new cruise ships has been
volatile. If the U.S. dollar or sterling declines against the euro, this may affect our desire
to order future new cruise ships for U.S. dollar or sterling functional currency brands.
Interest Rate Risks
We manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates through our investment and debt
portfolio management strategies. These strategies include purchasing high quality short-term
investments with floating interest rates, and evaluating our debt portfolio to make periodic
adjustments to the mix of floating and fixed rate debt through the use of interest rate swaps and
the issuance of new debt. At November 30, 2009, 71% and 29% (74% and 26% at November 30, 2008)
of our debt bore fixed and floating interest rates, respectively, including the effect of
interest rate swaps.
Fuel Price Risks
We do not use financial instruments to hedge our exposure to fuel price risks.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
As part of our ongoing control procedures, we monitor concentrations of credit risk
associated with financial and other institutions with which we conduct significant business. Our
maximum exposure under foreign currency contracts and interest rate swap agreements that are in-
the-money is the replacement cost, which includes the value of the contracts, in the event of
nonperformance by the counterparties to the contracts, all of which are currently our lending
banks. We seek to minimize credit risk exposure, including counterparty nonperformance primarily
associated with our cash equivalents, investments, committed financing facilities, contingent
obligations, derivative instruments, insurance contracts and new ship progress payment
guarantees, by normally conducting business with large, well-established financial institutions
and insurance companies that have long-term credit ratings of A or above, and by diversifying our
counterparties. In addition, we have established guidelines regarding credit ratings and
investment maturities that we follow to help maintain liquidity and minimize risk. We normally
do require collateral and/or guarantees to support notes receivable on significant asset sales,
long-term ship charters and new ship progress payments to shipyards. We do not currently
anticipate nonperformance by any of our significant counterparties.
We also monitor the creditworthiness of foreign travel agencies and tour operators to which
we extend credit in the normal course of our business. Concentrations of credit risk associated
with these receivables are considered minimal, primarily due to their short maturities and the
large number of unrelated accounts within our customer base. We have experienced only minimal
credit losses on our trade receivables. We do not normally require collateral or other security
to support normal credit sales.
Finally, if the shipyard with which we have contracts to build our ships is unable to
perform, we would be required to perform under our foreign currency forwards and options related
to these shipbuilding contracts. Accordingly, if the shipyard is unable to perform we may have
to discontinue the accounting for these currency forwards and options as hedges. However, we
believe that the risk of shipyard nonperformance is remote.
NOTE 11 - Segment Information
Our cruise segment includes all of our cruise brands, which have been aggregated as a single
reportable segment based on the similarity of their economic and other characteristics, including
the products and services they provide. Substantially all of our other segment represents the
hotel, tour and transportation operation of Holland America Princess Alaska Tours. The
significant accounting policies of our segments are the same as those described in Note 2 -
"Summary of Significant Accounting Policies." Information for our cruise and other segments as
of and for the years ended November 30 was as follows (in millions):
Selling
and Depreciation Capital
Operating adminis- and Operating expend- Total
Revenues(a) expenses trative amortization income(loss) itures assets
-------- -------- ------- ------------ ------------ ------ ------
2009
----
Cruise $12,870 $7,868 $1,558 $1,274 $2,170 $3,355 $36,325
Other 427 376 32 35 (16) 25 510(b)
Intersegment
elimination (140) (140)
------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
$13,157 $8,104 $1,590 $1,309 $2,154 $3,380 $36,835
------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
2008
----
Cruise $14,254 $8,746 $1,594 $1,213 $2,701 $3,321 $32,833
Other 561 462 35 36 28 32 567(b)
Intersegment
elimination (169) (169)
------- ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
$14,646 $9,039 $1,629 $1,249 $2,729 $3,353 $33,400
------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
2007
----
Cruise $12,638 $7,332 $1,547 $1,065 $2,694 $3,265 $33,602
Other 553 454 32 36 31 47 579(b)
Intersegment
elimination (158) (158)
------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
$13,033 $7,628 $1,579 $1,101 $2,725 $3,312 $34,181
------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
(a) A portion of other segment revenues include revenues for the cruise portion of a tour,
when a cruise is sold along with a land tour package by Holland America Princess Alaska
Tours, and shore excursion and port hospitality services provided to cruise guests by
this tour company. These intersegment revenues, which are included in full in the
cruise segment, are eliminated directly against the other segment revenues and operating
expenses in the line "Intersegment elimination."
(b) Other segment assets primarily included hotels and lodges in the state of Alaska and the
Yukon Territory of Canada, motorcoaches used for sightseeing and charters and domed rail
cars, which run on the Alaska Railroad.
Foreign revenues for our cruise brands represent sales generated from outside the U.S.
primarily by foreign tour operators and foreign travel agencies. Substantially all of our long-
lived assets are located outside of the U.S. and consist principally of our ships and ships under
construction.
Revenues by geographic area, which is based on where the guest is from, were as follows (in
millions):
Years Ended November 30,
-----------------------------
2009 2008 2007
---- ---- ----
North America $ 6,855 $ 8,090 $ 7,803
Europe 5,119 5,443 4,355
Others 1,183 1,113 875
------- ------- -------
$13,157 $14,646 $13,033
------- ------- -------
NOTE 12 - Benefit Plans
Equity Plans
We issue our share-based compensation awards under the Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc
stock plans, which have an aggregate of 37.1 million shares available for future grant at
November 30, 2009. These plans allow us to issue stock options, restricted stock awards and
restricted stock units (collectively "equity awards"). Equity awards are primarily granted to
management level employees and members of our Boards of Directors. The plans are administered by
a committee of our independent directors (the "Committee") that determines which employees are
eligible to participate, the monetary value or number of shares for which equity awards are to be
granted and the amounts that may be exercised or sold within a specified term. These plans allow
us to fulfill our equity award obligations using shares purchased in the open market, or with
unissued or treasury shares. Certain equity awards provide for accelerated vesting if we have a
change in control, as defined.
Our total share-based compensation expense was $50 million in each of fiscal 2009 and 2008
and $64 million in fiscal 2007, of which $46 million, $44 million and $57 million has been
included in our accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations as selling, general and
administrative expenses and $4 million, $6 million and $7 million as cruise payroll expenses in
fiscal 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The fair values of options, which we granted in fiscal 2007, were estimated using the Black-
Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes weighted-average values and assumptions for
fiscal 2007 were as follows:
Fair value of options at the
dates of grant $11.76
------
Risk-free interest rate (a) 4.9%
------
Expected dividend yield 3.3%
------
Expected volatility (b) 29.3%
------
Expected option life (in years) (c) 5.0
------
(a) The risk-free interest rate was based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a
remaining term equal to the expected option life assumed at the date of grant.
(b) The expected volatility was based on a weighting of the implied volatilities derived
from our exchange traded options and convertible notes and the historical volatility of
our common stock.
(c) The average expected life was based on the contractual term of the option and expected
employee exercise behavior. Based on our assessment of employee groupings and
observable behaviors, we determined that a single grouping was appropriate.
Stock Option Plans
The Committee generally sets stock option exercise prices at 100% or more of the fair market
value of the underlying common stock/ordinary shares on the date the option was granted. Stock
options granted during fiscal 2007 were granted at an exercise price per share equal to the fair
market value of the Carnival Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares on the
date of grant. Generally, employee options either vest evenly over five years or at the end of
three years. Our employee options granted prior to October 2005 have a ten-year term and those
options granted thereafter have a seven-year term. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, the
Committee decided to cease granting employee stock options, and to instead grant restricted stock
units ("RSUs") or restricted stock awards ("RSAs") to our employee groups who were previously
granted options. This change from options to RSUs or RSAs enables us to grant equity awards in a
more uniform method to our employees. Since fiscal 2001, Carnival Corporation Board of Director
options vest evenly over five years and have a ten-year term. In 2008, the Committee decided to
also cease granting stock options to non-executive board members, and will instead grant them
RSAs and/or RSUs.
A combined summary of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc stock option activity during the
year ended November 30, 2009 was as follows:
Weighted- Weighted-Average Aggregate
Average Remaining Intrinsic
Shares Exercise Price Contractual Term Value (a)
------ -------------- ---------------- -----
(in years) (in millions)
Outstanding at
November 30, 2008 16,688,152 $42.03
Exercised (144,163) $21.79
Forfeited or expired (1,197,732) $44.74
----------
Outstanding at
November 30, 2009 15,346,257 $42.54 3.4 $20
---------- --- ---
Exercisable at
November 30, 2009 13,883,830 $41.61 3.3 $20
---------- --- ---
(a) The aggregate intrinsic value represents the amount by which the fair value of
underlying stock exceeds the option exercise price at November 30, 2009.
As of the dates of exercise, the total intrinsic value of options exercised in fiscal 2009,
2008 and 2007 was $1 million, $5 million and $31 million, respectively. As of November 30, 2009,
there was $9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options.
This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years.
Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Stock Units
RSAs generally have the same rights as Carnival Corporation common stock, except for
transfer restrictions and forfeiture provisions. RSAs have been granted to certain officers and
non-executive board members and either have three or five-year cliff vesting or vest evenly over
five years after the grant date. In addition, Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc grant RSUs
that vest evenly over five years or at the end of three or five years after the grant date and
accrue dividend equivalents on each outstanding RSU, in the form of additional RSUs, based on
dividends declared. The share-based compensation expense associated with RSAs and RSUs is based
on the quoted market price of the Carnival Corporation or Carnival plc shares on the date of
grant, and is amortized to expense using the straight-line method from the grant date through the
earlier of the vesting date or the estimated retirement eligibility date.
During the year ended November 30, 2009, RSA and RSU activity was as follows:
Restricted Stock Awards Restricted Stock Units
----------------------- ----------------------
Weighted- Weighted-
Average Average
Grant Date Grant Date
Shares Fair Value Shares Fair Value
------ ---------- ------ ----------
Outstanding at
November 30, 2008 955,195 $47.63 1,433,790 $45.68
Granted 453,705 $24.33 1,282,882 $23.97
Vested (179,873) $45.30 (182,454) $51.37
Forfeited (127,565) $39.19
--------- ---------
Outstanding at
November 30, 2009 1,229,027 $39.37 2,406,653 $34.02
--------- ---------
The total grant date fair value of RSAs and RSUs vested was $18 million, $11 million and $9
million in fiscal 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. As of November 30, 2009, there was $35
million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSAs and RSUs. This cost is expected
to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
We have several single-employer defined benefit pension plans, which cover some of our
shipboard and shoreside employees. The U.S. and UK shoreside employee plans are closed to new
membership and are funded at or above the level required by U.S. or UK regulations. The
remaining defined benefit plans are primarily unfunded. In determining all of our plans' benefit
obligations at November 30, 2009 and 2008, we assumed weighted-average discount rates of 5.4% and
7.1%, respectively. The net assets or liabilities related to the obligations under these single-
employer defined benefit pension plans are not material.
In addition, P&O Cruises, Princess and Cunard participate in an industry-wide British
Merchant Navy Officers Pension Fund ("MNOPF" or the "fund"), a defined benefit multiemployer
pension plan available to certain of their British shipboard officers. The MNOPF is divided into
two sections, the "New Section" and the "Old Section," each of which covers a different group of
participants, with the Old Section closed to further benefit accrual and the New Section only
closed to new membership. At November 30, 2009, the New Section was estimated to have a funding
deficit.
Substantially all of any MNOPF New Section deficit liability which we may have relates to
the obligations of P&O Cruises and Princess, which existed prior to the combination in 2003 of
Carnival Corporation's and Carnival plc's businesses into a DLC. However, since the MNOPF New
Section is a multiemployer plan and it was not probable that we would withdraw from the plan nor
was our share of the liability certain, we could not record our estimated share of the ultimate
deficit as a Carnival plc acquisition liability that existed at the DLC transaction date. The
amount of our share of the fund's ultimate deficit could vary considerably if different pension
assumptions and/or estimates were used. Therefore, we expense our portion of any deficit as
amounts are invoiced by, and become due and payable to, the fund's trustee. In 2007, we received
a special assessment invoice from the fund's trustee for what the trustee calculated to be our
additional share of the entire MNOPF New Section liability, based on their most recent actuarial
valuation. Accordingly, we recorded the full invoiced liability of $20 million in cruise payroll
and related expense in 2007. We expect to receive another special assessment invoice in 2010,
although the amount of such invoice is not currently determinable. It is still possible that the
fund's trustee may invoice us for additional amounts after 2010, if they believe the fund
requires further contributions.
As of the DLC formation date in April 2003 and through November 30, 2007, the MNOPF's Old
Section had a funding surplus and, accordingly, no expenses had been recorded for this section of
the plan in our financial statements. We believe that while the Old Section had a funding
deficit at November 30, 2008, this deficit has reverted to a surplus at November 30, 2009. If
the Old Section has a funding deficit in the future, then it could result in the fund's trustee
invoicing us for amounts, if they believe the fund requires further contributions. We will
record any required Old Section contributions in the same manner as the New Section. Our share
of the Old Section deficit, if any, which covers predecessor employers' officers prior to 1978,
is not currently known and, accordingly, the amount of any such contribution is not currently
determinable.
Total expense for all defined benefit pension plans, including multiemployer plans, was $36
million, $42 million and $55 million in fiscal 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
On November 30, 2007, we adopted a new accounting standard related to accounting for defined
benefit pension plans. This standard required us, upon adoption, to recognize the funded status
of our defined benefit single employer pension plans. Accordingly, as of November 30, 2007, we
recorded an increase in our pension plan assets and liabilities of $17 million and $24 million,
respectively, and a reduction to AOCI of $7 million. The adoption of this standard had no effect
on our accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations for fiscal 2007, and it will not affect
our results of operations in future periods.
Defined Contribution Plans
We have several defined contribution plans available to most of our employees. We
contribute to these plans based on employee contributions, salary levels and length of service.
Total expense for these plans was $16 million, $22 million and $18 million in fiscal 2009, 2008
and 2007, respectively.
NOTE 13 - Earnings Per Share
Our basic and diluted earnings per share were computed as follows (in millions, except per
share data):
Years Ended November 30,
------------------------------
2009 2008 2007
---- ---- ----
Net income $1,790 $2,330 $2,408
Interest on dilutive convertible notes 12 34 34
------ ------ ------
Net income for diluted earnings per share $1,802 $2,364 $2,442
------ ------ ------
Weighted-average common and ordinary shares outstanding 787 786 793
Dilutive effect of convertible notes 15 28 33
Dilutive effect of equity plans 2 2 2
------ ------ ------
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 804 816 828
------ ------ ------
Basic earnings per share $ 2.27 $ 2.96 $ 3.04
------ ------ ------
Diluted earnings per share $ 2.24 $ 2.90 $ 2.95
------ ------ ------
Anti-dilutive stock options excluded from
diluted earnings per share computations 14 12 8
------ ------ ------
NOTE 14 - Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Total cash paid for interest was $403 million, $449 million and $414 million in fiscal 2009,
2008 and 2007, respectively. In addition, cash paid for income taxes was $27 million, $23
million and $14 million in fiscal 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Finally, in 2007 $8 million
of our convertible notes were converted through a combination of the issuance of Carnival
Corporation treasury stock and newly issued Carnival Corporation common stock, which represented
a noncash financing activity.
NOTE 15 - Acquisition
In September 2007, we entered into an agreement with Orizonia Corporation, Spain's largest
travel company, to operate Ibero, a Spanish cruise line, for an investment of $403 million, which
we funded with $146 million of cash and $257 million in proceeds that Ibero borrowed under a
portion of our principal revolver. Orizonia contributed $49 million of assets, principally
trademarks and goodwill, for their 25% interest in the venture. Ibero operated two contemporary
Spanish cruise ships in September 2007, the 834-passenger capacity Grand Voyager, and the 1,244-
passenger capacity Grand Mistral, which were built in 2000 and 1999, respectively. For reporting
purposes, we have included Ibero's results of operations within our consolidated financial
results since September 1, 2007. The pro forma impact of including Ibero in our results as if
the acquisition took place on December 1, 2006 has not been presented due to its immaterial
effect.
The 2007 acquisition was accounted for as a business purchase combination using the purchase
method of accounting. The purchase price was allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible
assets acquired based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The $451 million
purchase price was allocated as follows: $254 million to ships, $161 million to goodwill, $35
million to trademarks and $1 million to other. In July 2009, we purchased the remaining 25%
interest in Ibero that we did not own for $33 million, which approximated this minority
interests' carrying value.
NOTE 16 - Recent Accounting Pronouncement
In May 2008, the FASB issued a staff position that requires the issuer of certain
convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash, or other assets, on conversion to
separately account for the debt and equity components in a manner that reflects the issuer's non-
convertible debt borrowing rate. This pronouncement was adopted by us on December 1, 2009 on a
retrospective basis. The impact of adopting this pronouncement will not have any effect on
previously reported diluted earnings per share. However, our net income for the years ended
November 30, 2008 and 2007 will be reduced by approximately $5 million and $13 million,
respectively. In addition, as of November 30, 2007 our additional paid-in capital will be
increased by approximately $210 million, which will be almost fully offset by a $205 million
reduction in our retained earnings.
SCHEDULE C
CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC - SALES AND PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
I. Repurchase Authorizations
-------------------------
In June 2006, the Boards of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $1
billion of Carnival Corporation common stock and Carnival plc ordinary shares subject to certain
restrictions. On September 19, 2007, the Boards of Directors increased the remaining $578
million general repurchase authorization back to $1 billion. The general repurchase
authorization does not have an expiration date and may be discontinued by our Boards of Directors
at any time.
In addition to the general repurchase authorization, the Boards of Directors have authorized
the repurchase of up to 19.2 million Carnival plc ordinary shares and up to 25 million shares of
Carnival Corporation common stock under the "Stock Swap" programs described below.
At January 28, 2010, the remaining availability under the general repurchase authorization
was $787 million and the remaining availability under the "Stock Swap" program repurchase
authorizations were 18.1 million Carnival plc ordinary shares and 19.2 million Carnival
Corporation shares. All Carnival plc ordinary share repurchases under both the general
repurchase authorization and the "Stock Swap" authorizations require annual shareholder
approval. The existing shareholder approval is limited to a maximum of 21.3 million ordinary
shares and is valid until the earlier of the conclusion of the Carnival plc 2010 annual general
meeting, or October 14, 2010. It is not our present intention to repurchase shares of Carnival
Corporation common stock or Carnival plc ordinary shares under the general repurchase
authorization, except for any repurchases made with net proceeds resulting from our "Stock Swap"
programs described below.
II. "Stock Swap" Programs; Use of Proceeds
-------------------------------------
We use the "Stock Swap" programs in situations where we can obtain an economic benefit
because either Carnival Corporation common stock or Carnival plc ordinary shares are trading at a
price that is at a premium or discount to the price of Carnival plc ordinary shares or Carnival
Corporation common stock, as the case may be.
In the event Carnival Corporation common stock trades at a premium to Carnival plc ordinary
shares, we may elect to issue and sell Carnival Corporation common stock through an "At The
Market" equity offering ("ATM Offering") with Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Incorporated
("Merrill Lynch") as sales agent, and use the sale proceeds to repurchase Carnival plc ordinary
shares in the UK market on at least an equivalent basis, with the remaining net proceeds used for
general corporate purposes. In the ATM Offering, Carnival Corporation may issue and sell up to
19.2 million of its common stock in the U.S. market, which shares are to be sold from time to
time at prevailing market prices in ordinary brokers' transactions by Merrill Lynch. Any sales
of Carnival Corporation shares have been and will be registered under the Securities Act. On
October 31, 2008, we filed a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus contained in our shelf
registration statement on Form S-3ASR (File No. 333-132306-01) relating to the ATM Offering.
Such shelf registration statement became effective upon filing with the SEC on March 9, 2006 and
expired in March 2009. On March 11, 2009, we filed a new joint shelf registration statement with
the SEC (File No. 333-157861), which became effective upon filing.
In the event Carnival Corporation common stock trades at a discount to Carnival plc ordinary
shares, we may elect to sell existing ordinary shares of Carnival plc, with such sales made by
Carnival Investments Limited, a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation, and with Merrill Lynch
International ("MLI") as sales agent, from time to time in "at the market" transactions, and use
the sale proceeds to repurchase Carnival Corporation common stock in the U.S. market on at least
an equivalent basis, with the remaining net proceeds used for general corporate purposes. In the
offering, Carnival Investments Limited may sell up to 25 million Carnival plc ordinary shares in
the UK market, which shares are to be sold from time to time at prevailing market prices in
ordinary brokers' transactions by MLI. Any sales of Carnival plc shares have been and will be
registered under the Securities Act. On July 2, 2009, Carnival plc filed a shelf registration
statement with the SEC to register such sales (File No. 333-160411), which became effective upon
filing.
Under the "Stock Swap" programs, from December 1, 2008 through February 28, 2009
- Carnival Corporation sold 450,000 shares of Carnival Corporation common stock, at an
average price of $21.41 per share for gross proceeds of $10 million and paid Merrill
Lynch and others fees of $72,000 and $77,000, respectively, for total net proceeds of
$9 million. Substantially all of the net proceeds from these sales were used to
purchase 450,000 Carnival plc ordinary shares. From March 1, 2009 through
January 28, 2010, there were no sales of shares of Carnival Corporation common stock;
and from July 24, 2009 through November 30, 2009
- Carnival Investments Limited sold 5.8 million Carnival plc ordinary shares, at an
average price of $32.41 per share for gross proceeds of $188 million and paid MLI and
others fees of $1.4 million and $419,000, respectively, for total net proceeds of $187
million. Substantially all of the net proceeds of these sales were used to purchase
5.8 million shares of Carnival Corporation common stock.
The purchases of Carnival Corporation common stock during the three months ended November
30, 2009 pursuant to the "Stock Swap" program were as follows:
Maximum Number of
Carnival Corporation
Total Number of Average Price Paid Common Stock That May
Carnival per Share of Yet Be Purchased Under
Corporation Common Carnival Corporation the Carnival Corporation
Period Stock Purchased Common Stock Stock Swap Program
------ --------------- ------------ ------------------
September 1, 2009 through
September 30, 2009 275,000 $30.30 23,225,000
October 1, 2009 through
October 31, 2009 1,600,000 $32.72 21,625,000
November 1, 2009 through
November 30, 2009 2,425,000 $31.09 19,200,000
---------
Total 4,300,000 $31.64
---------
During the quarter ended November 30, 2009, there were no stock repurchases of Carnival
Corporation common stock or Carnival plc ordinary shares under the general stock repurchase
authorization and no repurchases of Carnival plc ordinary shares under the "Stock Swap" program
repurchase authorization.